SnSe<sub>2</sub> 2D Anodes for Advanced Sodium Ion Batteries

Zhang, Fan; Xia, Chuan; Zhu, Jiajie; Ahmed, Bilal; Liang, Hanfeng; Velusamy, Dhinesh Babu; Schwingenschlögl, Udo; Alshareef, Husam N.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201601188

Cited by 248 publications

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“…The theoretical specific ion storage capacity for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs) can be as high as 2596 mAh g −1 , which is almost one order of magnitude higher than the commercial graphite-based materials (372 mAh g −1 ), holding great promise for future applications ranging from portable electronic devices to large-scale electrical vehicles and power tools. Specifically, a great effort has been devoted to the intercalation of lithium and sodium in a large variety of 2D materials, including graphite, [17,18] borophane, [19] transition metal dichalcogenides, [20][21][22][23] transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, [24,25] and tin-based compounds, [26][27][28] which have larger interlayer spacing bonded by vdW interaction to offer sufficient ionic transport pathway. To bridge up this knowledge gap, we present an in situ investigation on the intercalation of BP with both lithium and sodium ions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, a great effort has been devoted to the intercalation of lithium and sodium in a large variety of 2D materials, including graphite, [17,18] borophane, [19] transition metal dichalcogenides, [20][21][22][23] transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, [24,25] and tin-based compounds, [26][27][28] which have larger interlayer spacing bonded by vdW interaction to offer sufficient ionic transport pathway. Specifically, a great effort has been devoted to the intercalation of lithium and sodium in a large variety of 2D materials, including graphite, [17,18] borophane, [19] transition metal dichalcogenides, [20][21][22][23] transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, [24,25] and tin-based compounds, [26][27][28] which have larger interlayer spacing bonded by vdW interaction to offer sufficient ionic transport pathway.…”

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Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

et al. 2019

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can also accommodate foreign species in its interlayer spacing via intercalation, and it has been found that alkali metal intercalated BP can lead to the tunable bandgap [8] and also exhibit superconductivity. [9] Moreover, the capability to intercalate alkali metals can make BP a potential electrochemical reservoir for energy storage, similar to the graphite used for rechargeable ion batteries. The theoretical specific ion storage capacity for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs) can be as high as 2596 mAh g −1 , which is almost one order of magnitude higher than the commercial graphite-based materials (372 mAh g −1 ), holding great promise for future applications ranging from portable electronic devices to large-scale electrical vehicles and power tools. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Doubtless, BP intercalation compounds are of both scientific and technological importance in multiple critical fields, but the fundamental understanding of the underlying intercalation mechanism remains largely elusive. To bridge up this knowledge gap, we present an in situ investigation on the intercalation of BP with both lithium and sodium ions.The intercalation of alkali elements has been extensively studied in rechargeable battery systems, where the alkali ions can be intercalated into the host materials via electrochemical reactions. Specifically, a great effort has been devoted to the intercalation of lithium and sodium in a large variety of 2D materials, including graphite, [17,18] borophane, [19] transition metal dichalcogenides, [20][21][22][23] transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, [24,25] and tin-based compounds, [26][27][28] which have larger interlayer spacing bonded by vdW interaction to offer sufficient ionic transport pathway. Orthorhombic BP is the most thermodynamically stable structure compared to other two allotropes of white phosphorus and red phosphorus, [29,30] and has wide spacing between the 2D layers to allow the intercalation of Li and Na ions. Recently, the electrochemical intercalation behaviors of BP have been reported using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It is found that the alkali ions would intercalate into the layered host framework and then form alloying compounds with P with anisotropic volume expansion and amorphization, which has been verified in lithiation [31] and sodiation, [32] respectively. Besides, the sodium-ion transport was suggested to be anisotropic and could cause atomic stack reordering upon slight intercalation. [33,34] Although these early studies have depicted the changes in morphology and volume Black phosphorus (BP) with unique 2D structure enables the intercalation of foreign elements or molecules, which makes BP directly relevant to high-capacity rechargeable batteries and also opens a promising strategy for tunable electronic transport and superconductivity. However, the underlying intercalation mechanism is not fully understood. Here, a comparative investigation on the electrochemically driven intercalation of lithium and sodiu...

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Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

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“…[68] A homogeneous nanocomposite of SnSe and black carbon were synthesized by Zhang et al, which yielded a stable capacity of 324.9 mA h g −1 at 500 mA g −1 over 200 cycles and 72.5% retention of the second cycle capacity. [71] As a result, the nanocomposite demonstrated a high initial capacity of 798 mA h g −1 and good cycling stability of 515 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 over 100 cycles (Figure 4f), which illustrated greatly improved rate and cycling performance as compared to the bare SnSe 2 . By fabricating interlayered structure, Zhang et al first reported SnSe 2 /rGO nanocomposite prepared via the hydrothermal method (Figure 4e).…”

Section: Tin Selenidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[71] In addition to the mass theoretical capacity, tin selenides are also accumulating attention because of their favorable 2D layered structure, and the large interlayer space will accommodate volumetric expansion as well as introduce more sodium ions intercalating into active materials. [71] In addition to the mass theoretical capacity, tin selenides are also accumulating attention because of their favorable 2D layered structure, and the large interlayer space will accommodate volumetric expansion as well as introduce more sodium ions intercalating into active materials.…”

Section: Tin Selenidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloy‐Based Anode Materials toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to the abundant sodium resources. However, the limited energy density, moderate cycling life, and immature manufacture technology of SIBs are the major challenges hindering their practical application. Recently, numerous efforts are devoted to developing novel electrode materials with high specific capacities and long durability. In comparison with carbonaceous materials (e.g., hard carbon), partial Group IVA and VA elements, such as Sn, Sb, and P, possess high theoretical specific capacities for sodium storage based on the alloying reaction mechanism, demonstrating great potential for high-energy SIBs. In this review, the recent research progress of alloy-type anodes and their compounds for sodium storage is summarized. Specific efforts to enhance the electrochemical performance of the alloy-based anode materials are discussed, and the challenges and perspectives regarding these anode materials are proposed.

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“…[7,[141][142][143][144][145] However, because that the radius of Na is about 55% larger than that of Li, it is more difficult for Na to intercalate into or extract from host materials. Among various anode materials used in LIBs, only a few of them are suitable for SIBs.…”

Section: Tin Anode In Sodium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

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Lee

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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density. Therefore, developing highcapacity anode and cathode materials or new battery systems have drawn extensive attentions. [6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Metal anodes, especially those with high-capacity and low-cost are promising alternative anode materials for LIBs in replace of graphite anode. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Generally, the metal anodes electrochemically alloy/ de-alloy with Li + to complete the battery reaction, which can store more energy than the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism in graphite. Table 1 displays the electrochemical properties of typical metallic anodes (Al, Sn, Zn, Mg, Sb, and Bi) with Li and graphite for comparison. While the graphite anodes suffer from low capacity (372 mA h g −1 ) and Li anodes suffer from severe safety issues caused by lithium dendrites, these metal anodes have many advantages in terms of high theoretical capacities, moderate operation potential for less dendrites formation, high abundance and low cost. [35] For example, aluminum has high theoretical capacity (993 mA h g −1 or 1411 mA h cm −3 for LiAl) with moderate potential plateau (≈0.38 V vs Li + /Li). [35,36] Considering both of the capacity increase and voltage drop by using metal anodes in a LIB model, Obrovac et al. calculated the volumetric energy increase in comparison to graphite based commercial battery (Table 1). [37] In such a model, the volumetric energy densities could be increased by different extents ranging from 10-42% when metal anodes were used. It is worth noticing that some recent studies have raised the idea of directly using metal foil as active anode material and simultaneously current collector. [38,39] This strategy can eliminate the usage of binder and conductive carbon black for anode preparation, simplify the battery processing steps, and also increase the loading amount of active materials, thus further enhancing the energy density and reducing the battery prices.While the metal anodes show good potential for application in high-performance LIBs, the main challenge for these metallic anodes is their large volume change caused by lithiation/delithiation process during cycling. [37,40,41] As the lithiation proceeds more deeply, the volume change becomes more severely for alloying anodes. For instance, the volume change of Sn (260%, Li 4.4 Sn) is larger than Al (97%, LiAl). The huge volume change could cause crack and pulverization of metal anodes, resulting in quick capacity decay and short cycling life. [42][43][44][45][46] Besides, metallic anode materials usually exhibited high first-cycle capacity loss due to their high reactivity withThe ever-growing market of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has significantly stimulated research interests on new-generation rechargeable battery systems with high energy density, satisfying safety and low cost. With unique potentials to achieve high energy density and low cost, rechargeable batteries based on metal anodes are capable of storing more energy via an alloying/de-alloying process, in comparison to tradi...

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SnSe₂ 2D Anodes for Advanced Sodium Ion Batteries

Cited by 248 publications

References 59 publications

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Alloy‐Based Anode Materials toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

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SnSe2 2D Anodes for Advanced Sodium Ion Batteries

Cited by 248 publications

References 59 publications

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Alloy‐Based Anode Materials toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

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SnSe₂ 2D Anodes for Advanced Sodium Ion Batteries