SnRK2.6 interacts with phytochrome B and plays a negative role in red light-induced stomatal opening

Li, Yuzhen; Zhao, Zhiqiao; Song, Dongdong; Yuan, Ya-Xin; Sun, Haijing; Zhao, Jun; Chen, Yuling; Zhang, Chunguang

doi:10.1080/15592324.2021.1913307

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…SnRK2.6 plays a key role in ABA-induced stomatal closure [ 41 , 43 , 49 ]. However, the relationship between MdSnRK2.6 and ALA signals has not been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves

Chen

Wang

2023

Horticulture Research

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5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), known as a new natural plant growth regulator, can reverse abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) played an important role in regulation of stomatal movement by ALA and ABA; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that ALA promotes MdPP2A activity and gene expression in the leaf epidermis of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), and expression of the catalytic subunit MdPP2AC was most significantly correlated with stomatal aperture. Western blotting showed that ALA enhanced MdPP2AC protein abundance and phosphorylation. Y2H (yeast two hybrid), FLC (firefly luciferase complementation imaging) and BiFC (Bimolecular fluorescence complementation) assays showed that MdPP2AC interacted with several other MdPP2A subunits as well as MdSnRK2.6 (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2.6), and the latter interaction was further verified by pull-down and MST (microscale thermophoresis) assays. ALA downregulated ABA-induced MdSnRK2.6 gene expression, kinase activity, and protein phosphorylation. In transiently transgenic apple leaves, OE-MdPP2AC promoted stomatal aperture by reducing Ca2+ and H2O2 levels but increasing flavonol levels in guard cells. Conversely, OE-MdSnRK2.6 induced stomatal closure by increasing Ca2+ and H2O2 but reducing flavonols. Partial silencing of these genes had opposite effects on Ca2+, H2O2, flavonols, and stomatal movement. Application of exogenous ALA stimulated PP2A activity, which promoted SnRK2.6 dephosphorylation and lower kinase activity in wild-type and transgenic apple leaves. We therefore propose that PP2AC, which dephosphorylates SnRK2.6 and represses its enzyme activity, mediates ALA signaling to inhibit ABA-induced stomatal closure in apple leaves.

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“…SnRK2.6 plays a key role in ABA-induced stomatal closure [ 41 , 43 , 49 ]. However, the relationship between MdSnRK2.6 and ALA signals has not been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves

Chen

Wang

2023

Horticulture Research

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“…Until recently, the interaction of SnRK2s with components of the light signaling network remained elusive. Li et al (2021) reported the interaction between SnRK2.6 and phyB and showed a negative role of OST1/SnRK2.6 in stomatal opening induced by red light. A snrk2.6 mutant exhibited a significantly larger stomatal aperture under red light treatment, while overexpression lines exhibited smaller stomatal apertures ( Li et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Light Cold Tolerance and Snrk2smentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Li et al (2021) reported the interaction between SnRK2.6 and phyB and showed a negative role of OST1/SnRK2.6 in stomatal opening induced by red light. A snrk2.6 mutant exhibited a significantly larger stomatal aperture under red light treatment, while overexpression lines exhibited smaller stomatal apertures ( Li et al, 2021 ). This observation places ABA signaling, mediated through SnRK2.6, upstream of phyB signaling.…”

Section: Light Cold Tolerance and Snrk2smentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Protein Modules Combining Abscisic Acid and Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

Bulgakov

Koren

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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It is generally accepted that plants use the complex signaling system regulated by light and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling components to optimize growth and development in different situations. The role of ABA–light interactions is evident in the coupling of stress defense reactions with seed germination and root development, maintaining of stem cell identity and stem cell specification, stem elongation and leaf development, flowering and fruit formation, senescence, and shade avoidance. All these processes are regulated jointly by the ABA–light signaling system. Although a lot of work has been devoted to ABA–light signal interactions, there is still no systematic description of central signaling components and protein modules, which jointly regulate plant development. New data have emerged to promote understanding of how ABA and light signals are integrated at the molecular level, representing an extensively growing area of research. This work is intended to fill existing gaps by using literature data combined with bioinformatics analysis.

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“…SRK2E/OST1/SnRK2.6 is a key positive factor of the ABA signaling pathway ( Mustilli et al., 2002 ; Li et al., 2021 ). SnRK2.6 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation controls stomatal closing and opening ( Mustilli et al., 2002 ; Yoshida et al., 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALA induces stomatal opening through regulation among PTPA, PP2AC, and SnRK2.6

Chen,

Zhang,

Wang

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), as a new natural plant growth regulator, has been proved to regulate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity to promote stomatal opening in apple (Malus domestica) leaves. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying remain unclear. Here, we cloned and transformed MdPTPA, MdPP2AC, and MdSnRK2.6 of apple into tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum) and found that over-expression (OE)-MdPTPA or OE-MdPP2AC promoted stomatal aperture while OE-MdSnRK2.6 induced stomatal closure under normal or drought condition. The Ca2+ and H2O2 levels in the guard cells of OE-MdPTPA and OE-MdPP2AC was decreased but flavonols increased, and the results in OE-SnRK2.6 was contrary. Exogenous ALA stimulated PP2A activity but depressed SnRK2.6 activity in transgenic tobaccos, leading to less Ca2+, H2O2 and more flavonols in guard cells, and consequently stomatal opening. OE-MdPTPA improved stomatal opening and plant growth but impaired drought tolerance, while OE-MdSnRK2.6 improved drought tolerance but depressed the leaf Pn. Only OE-MdPP2AC improved stomatal opening, leaf Pn, plant growth, as well as drought tolerance. These suggest that the three genes involved in ALA-regulating stomatal movement have their respective unique biological functions. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that MdPP2AC interacted with MdPTPA or MdSnRK2.6, respectively, but no interaction of MdPTPA with MdSnRK2.6 was found. Yeast three-hybrid (Y3H) assay showed that MdPTPA promoted the interactions between MdPP2AC and MdSnRK2.6. Therefore, we propose a regulatory module of PTPA-PP2AC-SnRK2.6 that may be involved in mediating the ALA-inducing stomatal aperture in green plants.

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SnRK2.6 interacts with phytochrome B and plays a negative role in red light-induced stomatal opening

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves

ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves

Basic Protein Modules Combining Abscisic Acid and Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

ALA induces stomatal opening through regulation among PTPA, PP2AC, and SnRK2.6

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