Snow mold-plant-antagonist interactions: Survival of the fittest under the snow

McBeath, Jerry

doi:10.1094/phi-i-2002-1010-01

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Snow molds are a group of psychrophilic fungi that infect and damage plants under snow cover [17,25]. Resistance to snow mold is a quite important trait for crop winter survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance Acquired through Cold Acclimation in Overwintering Plants

Kuwabara

Imai

2009

J. Plant Biol.

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Plants require substantial resistance against freezing and pathogens for overwintering. These two traits are acquired through cold acclimation. In contrast to freezing tolerance, molecular basis of disease resistance acquired through cold acclimation is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that are secreted into the apoplast during cold acclimation are responsible for the disease resistance. Interestingly, some of the cold-induced PR proteins display both antifungal and antifreeze activities, suggesting a dual function in protecting plants from overwintering stresses. The signaling pathway for cold-induced disease resistance is currently unknown but can be independent of pathogeninduced defense mechanisms.

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“…Snow molds are a group of psychrophilic fungi that infect and damage plants under snow cover [17,25]. Resistance to snow mold is a quite important trait for crop winter survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we present current sketch of physiological and molecular aspects of disease resistance acquired through cold acclimation. [17,25]. Snow molds cause serious damage on economically important plants such as winter cereals, forage and turf grasses, floriculture plants, and conifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance Acquired through Cold Acclimation in Overwintering Plants

Kuwabara

Imai

2009

J. Plant Biol.

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“…Our results show that one or two years with extremely cold and wet growing seasons (1984 and 1986) within a 20-year period were enough to trigger large Gremmeniella outbreaks. Nevertheless, even if Gremmeniella is currently the main killing agent of P. cembra above treeline, it is possible that competition between the two fungi influences their relative occurrence (McBeath, 2002). This interaction at our study site may explain the limited presence of Phacidium in years of the most widespread Gremeniella attacks (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Snow Fungi—Induced Mortality of Pinus cembra at the Alpine Treeline: Evidence from Plantations

Barbeito

Brücker

Rixen

et al. 2013

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Ignacio Barbeito* † ‡high ratios of rainfall to temperature. High rates of infection by Phacidium corresponded to earlier snowmelt and were spatially associated with P. cembra mature trees that had been present in the area before the time of planting. We provide experimental evidence that snow fungi are a primary cause of sapling tree mortality at treeline. Although additional evidence from different geographic regions and more natural treeline distributions is needed, our results suggest that the prevalence of snow fungi may prevent establishment of trees above the current treeline at present, and under future climate scenarios.

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“…Untreated TM constantly evolved CO 2 and PCR was substantially decreased over 15 d. This implied that organisms with the gene(s) for CEL and/or other enzymes may exist in TM, because enzymes are believed necessary for decay of plant tissues (Keen and Roberts, 1998). Many organisms common to turfgrass systems are capable of producing extracellular enzymes (McBeath, 2002), including fungi like Fusarium spp., bacteria such as Cellulomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp., and actinomycetes such as S treptomyces spp. (Chamberlain and Crawford, 2000; Elliott et al, 2008; Horwath, 2007; Mancino et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulase Accelerates Short‐Term Decay of Thatch‐Mat

2014

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atch-mat (TM) is comprised of various cell wall polymers, including cellulose. As cellulase (CEL) hydrolyses cellulose it may accelerate TM decay. Research sought to determine if CEL from Trichoderma reesei accelerates decay of TM from hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon × C.transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]. Release of CO 2 -C from TM in response to two levels of applied CEL and a control was measured daily over 15 d, plotting percent TM-C remaining vs. time. Fitting a double exponential model of the form y = a 0 e -bx + c 0 e -dx to resulting curves yielded rate constants for fast-pool C and slow-pool C. A er 3 d, total CO 2 -C released from untreated TM was 2.95 g kg -1 , leaving 96.8% C remaining. Treating with 10 and 20 g CEL kg -1 TM increased CO 2 -C release to 4.30 and 5.84 g kg -1 , leaving 95.6 and 93.6% C remaining. Di erences in percent C remaining at 15 d were insigni cant, averaging 92%. It appeared untreated TM had lost as much C as treated. Treating with 10 g CEL kg -1 decreased turnover time of fast-pool from 3.2 to 1.3 d, and slow-pool from 451 to 309 d. Increasing the rate to 20 g CEL kg -1 did not further reduce turnover time of fast-pool, but increased slow-pool turnover time to 1466 d. Results suggested constituents subject to CEL hydrolysis, which ≈7%, mineralized faster with CEL treatment, but were quickly exhausted slowing subsequent decay. Cellulase accelerated short-term decay, but did not increase total TM mineralized over 15 d.

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Snow mold-plant-antagonist interactions: Survival of the fittest under the snow

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance Acquired through Cold Acclimation in Overwintering Plants

Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance Acquired through Cold Acclimation in Overwintering Plants

Snow Fungi—Induced Mortality of Pinus cembra at the Alpine Treeline: Evidence from Plantations

Cellulase Accelerates Short‐Term Decay of Thatch‐Mat

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