Snow damage to birch stands in Northern Moravia

Martiník, Antonín; Mauer, Ö.

doi:10.17221/48/2011-jfs

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…in the investigated regeneration, reaching up to about 9 m in height, no damage has been observed to date due to atmospheric factors, as was declared by others (Łukaszewicz et al 2010;Martiník, Mauer 2012). the latter authors mentioned that rich habitats of naturally regenerating birches in the highest altitude classes (8−15 m) were most intensively damaged by snow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

Ambroży

Zachara

Kapsa

et al. 2017

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract.One of the tree species appearing after a decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains is Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. Therefore our study was aimed at evaluating this birch regeneration and the dynamics of changes resulting from experimental cutting. Measurements and inventories of trees were conducted on research plots located in a ten-year old birch regeneration site with either no cutting, partial cutting (50%) or clear cutting (100%) of birch. We observed an introduction of biocenotic species (rowan, willow, aspen) as well as the target species (spruce, fir, beech) under the birch canopy. Fir and beech were also planted, because of their slow natural regeneration. The clear cut treatment caused a great number of sprouts growing from birch stumps, reaching a height of about 2 m over 3 years, resulting in competition with the regeneration of other species. Partial cutting did not cause such a drastic amount of sprouting. Furthermore, we found that only the spruce height increment is significantly less under a birch canopy compared to open space. The obtained results indicate a necessity to adjust the density and species composition of regenerating tree species under a birch canopy, avoiding complete removal of the first generation birch cover and the need to moderately thin out birch.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

Ambroży

Zachara

Kapsa

et al. 2017

Forest Research Papers

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“…However, birches (Betula spp.) are susceptible to bending (Martiník and Mauer 2012) and can thus easily cause blackouts by bending over power lines. Most severe heavy snow-load events with ice accretion can cause serious damage even to power transmission line towers (e.g., Bauer 1973; Thorkildson et al 2009;Zhou et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods

Lehtonen¹,

Hoppula²,

Pirinen³

et al. 2014

Silva Fenn.

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Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methodsLehtonen I., Hoppula P., Pirinen P., Gregow H. (2014). Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 3 article id 1120. 30 p. Highlights• A new method to model crown snow loads is presented and compared with a previously published simpler method.• The heaviest crown snow loads in Finland are found to typically occur in the eastern parts of the country.• The relative importance of different snow load types varies between different regions of Finland. AbstractThe spatial occurrence of heavy crown snow loads in Finland between 1961 and 2010 is studied by using for the first time a model that classifies the snow load into four different types: rime, dry snow, wet snow and frozen snow. In producing this climatology, we used meteorological observations made at 29 locations across Finland. The model performance is evaluated against classified daily images of canopy snow cover and with the help of two short case studies. The results are further compared to those achieved with a simpler method used in previous studies. The heaviest crown snow loads are found to occur typically in eastern Finland. The new method reveals that this holds not only for the total snow loads but also for the different snow load types, although there are certain differences in their geographical occurrence. The greatest benefit achieved with the new method is the inclusion of rime accretion. The forests most prone to heavy riming are those located on tree-covered hills in northern Finland, but as the terrain elevation affects riming efficiency greatly, these small-scale variations in the snow load amounts could not be described in this study in great detail. Moreover, the results are more inaccurate in northern Finland where variations in the terrain elevation are greater than elsewhere. Otherwise, the largest uncertainties in this study are related to wind speed measurements and possibly partly because of that, we were not able to detect any significant trends in the crown snow-load amounts over the study period.

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“…The bending of birch trees in 2015 was widely reported (e.g., [35]), which caused a marked decline in growth in the following year, seen as much lower CAI. Birches are susceptible to bending, and birch-dominated forests are, in most cases, less severely damaged than coniferous forests [36][37][38]. Moose can also damage birch sprouts, but the damage remained quite small during the nine study years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) Coppice Stands during Nine Years

Hytönen

2020

Forests

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Growing of dense, naturally regenerated downy birch stands using rotations of 24–26 years has been shown to be profitable. Coppicing would be a low-cost regeneration method, however, knowledge on the development of birch coppices is scarce. The height, stem number, and biomass development of sprouts originating from six clearcut stands in three age classes (A: 10–12 years, B: 15–16 years, C: 22–24 years) located in northern Finland was studied. Equations for estimating the aboveground biomass from height were developed for sprouts. The number of sprouts, and their height and biomass were measured annually during nine growing seasons. In addition, sprout damage was assessed. The number of sprouts per hectare was highest in the youngest age class (A) throughout the study period, even though the decrease in the number of stems due to self-thinning was also fastest (from 591,000 sprouts per ha to 105,000 sprouts per ha). The stand age class did not have an effect on either the mean (2.7 m) or dominant height (5.4 m) of birch sprouts. The total leafless above-ground biomass, the mean annual increment (MAI), and the current annual increment (CAI) were highest in the youngest stand age class (A) and lowest in the oldest age class (C). After 9 years, the biomass in the oldest age class was 15.1 Mg ha−1 and 31.1 Mg ha−1 in the youngest age class. During the first six years, the biomass of the sprouts correlated with the number of stumps. A higher number of stumps produced more sprouts and biomass in the first years. However, due to faster self-thinning in the densest stands and higher mass of average sprout in the oldest stands, the correlation between the number of stumps and biomass decreased with the increase of age so that it was no longer significant in years 7, 8, and 9. In the older stand age classes, the MAI increased with the increase of the age of sprouts. The CAI varied considerably between the study years. The study showed that due to coppice vigor, growth of the birch sprouts can be high.

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Snow damage to birch stands in Northern Moravia

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods

Development of Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) Coppice Stands during Nine Years

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