snoRNAs: functions and mechanisms in biological processes, and roles in tumor pathophysiology

Huang, Zhenghao; Du, Yiqing; Wen, Jing-Tao; Lu, Bing‐Feng; Zhao, Yang

doi:10.1038/s41420-022-01056-8

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…There are also RNA molecules which are involved in processing other RNAs, the small nuclear (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). snRNAs are implied in mRNA maturation, whilst the snoRNAs (which are in turn classified according to their function in H/ACA box snoRNAs, C/D box snoRNAs and small cajal RNAs [ 135 ]) participate in synthesis and maturation of rRNA. These RNAs often interact with proteins forming ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs and snoRNPs) to carry out their function, and misfunction of these complexes is linked to diseases and cancer [ 136 – 138 ].…”

Section: Rna Species and Nensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities

Blázquez‐Encinas

Moreno-Montilla

García-Vioque

et al. 2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a highly heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. NENs mainly originate in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues, and despite being rare, show rising incidence. The molecular mechanisms underlying NEN development are still poorly understood, although recent studies are unveiling their genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes. RNA was originally considered as an intermediary between DNA and protein. Today, compelling evidence underscores the regulatory relevance of RNA processing, while new RNA molecules emerge with key functional roles in core cell processes. Indeed, correct functioning of the interrelated complementary processes comprising RNA biology, its processing, transport, and surveillance, is essential to ensure adequate cell homeostasis, and its misfunction is related to cancer at multiple levels. This review is focused on the dysregulation of RNA biology in NENs. In particular, we survey alterations in the splicing process and available information implicating the main RNA species and processes in NENs pathology, including their role as biomarkers, and their functionality and targetability. Understanding how NENs precisely (mis)behave requires a profound knowledge at every layer of their heterogeneity, to help improve NEN management. RNA biology provides a wide spectrum of previously unexplored processes and molecules that open new avenues for NEN detection, classification and treatment. The current molecular biology era is rapidly evolving to facilitate a detailed comprehension of cancer biology and is enabling the arrival of personalized, predictive and precision medicine to rare tumors like NENs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11154-022-09771-4.

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Section: Rna Species and Nensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities

Blázquez‐Encinas

Moreno-Montilla

García-Vioque

et al. 2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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“…These processes require in some cases small RNAs. (Wang et al, 2015; Kishore et al, 2010; Park et al, 2019; Wang and Chekanova, 2016; Preuss et al, 2008; Huang et al, 2022). The identification of zc3hc1 mutations in the coi1 suppressor screen and their enhancement of GFP siRNA accumulation provide at least an indirect link between coilin function and siRNA biogenesis and/or stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AGFPsplicing reporter in acoilinmutant background reveals links between alternative splicing, siRNAs and coilin function inArabidopsis thaliana

Kanno

Chiou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Coilin is a scaffold protein essential for the structure of Cajal bodies, which are nucleolar-associated, nonmembranous organelles that coordinate the assembly of nuclear ribonucleoproteins including spliceosomal snRNPs. To learn more about coilin functions and pathways in plants, we conducted a genetic suppressor screen using a coilin mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana and performed an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis on coilin protein. The coi1 mutations modify alternative splicing of a GFP reporter gene, resulting in a hyper-GFP phenotype in young coi1 seedlings relative to the intermediate wild-type level. As shown here, this hyper-GFP phenotype is extinguished in older coi1 seedlings by posttranscriptional gene silencing triggered by siRNAs derived from aberrant splice variants of GFP pre-mRNA. In the coi1 suppressor screen, we identified suppressor mutations in WRAP53, a putative coilin-interacting protein; SMU2, a predicted splicing factor; and ZC3HC1, an incompletely characterized zinc finger protein. These suppressor mutations return the hyper-GFP fluorescence of young coi1 seedlings to the intermediate wild-type level. Additionally, zc3hc1 coi1 mutants display more extensive GFP silencing and elevated levels of GFP siRNAs, suggesting the involvement of wild-type ZC3HC1 in siRNA biogenesis or stability. The immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis reinforced the roles of coilin in pre-mRNA splicing, nucleolar chromatin structure, and rRNA processing. The participation of coilin in these processes, at least some of which incorporate small RNAs, supports the hypothesis that coilin acts as a chaperone for small noncoding RNAs. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the GFP splicing reporter for investigating alternative splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and siRNA-mediated silencing in the context of coilin function.

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“…Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) with a common length of 60-300 nts are mainly in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells. Based on the structure and their location, snoRNAs can be categorized into three subtypes: H/ACA box snoRNAs, C/D box snoRNAs, and scaRNAs (Huang et al, 2022). Most snoRNA genes are located in intronic regions and transcribed by RNA polymerase II.…”

Section: Snornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The essential roles of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis

Cai

Wang

Han

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) developing from mesoderm during embryogenesis are important for the blood circulatory system and immune system. Many factors such as genetic factors, chemical exposure, physical radiation, and viral infection, can lead to the dysfunction of HSCs. Hematological malignancies (involving leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) were diagnosed in more than 1.3 million people globally in 2021, taking up 7% of total newly-diagnosed cancer patients. Although many treatments like chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and stem cell transplantation have been applied in clinical therapeutics, the average 5-year survival rate for leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma is about 65%, 72%, and 54% respectively. Small non-coding RNAs play key roles in a variety of biological processes, including cell division and proliferation, immunological response and cell death. With the development of technologies in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, there is emerging research about modifications on small non-coding RNAs, as well as their functions in hematopoiesis and related diseases. In this study, we summarize the updated information of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, which sheds lights into the future application of HSCs into the treatment of blood diseases.

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snoRNAs: functions and mechanisms in biological processes, and roles in tumor pathophysiology

Cited by 77 publications

References 101 publications

The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities

The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities

AGFPsplicing reporter in acoilinmutant background reveals links between alternative splicing, siRNAs and coilin function inArabidopsis thaliana

The essential roles of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis

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