SnO2 Anchored in S and N Co-Doped Carbon as the Anode for Long-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Tin dioxide (SnO2) has been the focus of attention in recent years owing to its high theoretical capacity (1494 mAh g−1). However, the application of SnO2 has been greatly restricted because of the huge volume change during charge/discharge process and poor electrical conductivity. In this paper, a composite material composed of SnO2 and S, N co-doped carbon (SnO2@SNC) was prepared by a simple solid-state reaction. The as-prepared SnO2@SNC composite structures show enhanced lithium storage capacity as compared to pristine SnO2. Even after cycling for 1000 times, the as-synthesized SnO2@SNC can still deliver a discharge capacity of 600 mAh g−1 (current density: 2 A g−1). The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the enhanced electric conductivity of the electrode. The introduction of carbon could effectively improve the reversibility of the reaction, which will suppress the capacity fading resulting from the conversion process.

Unleashing the Potential of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current State and Future Directions for Sustainable Energy Storage

“…Toward further improvements in the electrochemical performances of SnO 2 , recently, SnO 2 anchored in S and N codoped carbon has been synthesized by solid state synthesis (SnO 2 @SNC). [ 255 ] This uniquely designed structure delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 600 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 at the end of 1000 cycles. The exceptional performance of this composite material is attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity of the electrode, and the reversible reaction ensured by carbon.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine SnO2 Nanoparticles as Anode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries

“…The CV measurements were performed to clarify the charge/discharge behavior of the SnO2 nanoparticles in the range of 0 V -3.0 V at a scanning rate of 0.1 mV•s -1 . The redox processes of the SnO2 anode in LIB have been extensively studied and generally can be interpreted according to the following equations [12,19,20]:…”

“…This reduction peak is often observed to gradually decrease and disappear after several cycles. The reduction peak at 0.30 V can be attributed to the alloying reaction of Li with Sn to form LixSn alloy (reaction 3) [12,19,20]. During the anodic scanning process, two oxidation peaks at 0.56 V and 1.08 V were observed.…”

“…The oxidation peak at 0.56 V can be related to the de-alloying process of LixSn to Li and Sn. The broad oxidation peak at 1.08 V may correspond to the partially reversible reaction of Li2O for the formation of SnO2 (reaction 2) [12,[19][20][21][22]. This peak remained stable and could be clearly observed during subsequently cycles, demonstrating the reversibility of the conversion reactions.…”