Sneddon's syndrome

Sneddon's syndrome: diagnosis by skin biopsy and MRI in 17 patients.

“…Research on treatment strategies requires more knowledge about the pathophysiology of SS and calls for more conclusive diagnostic criteria. 3 In this series there was a high incidence of prodromal signs such as headache (14 of 17; 82%) and vertigo (eight of 17; 47%). These symptoms preceded the onset of GLR and focal neurological symptoms by several years.…”

“…3,8,14,16,17,32,33 Recently, characteristic histopathological findings have been reported from skin biopsies of patients with SS.34 These consisted of inflammatory changes in the endothelium (endothelitis) of small arteries and were followed by subendothelial cell proliferation leading to partial or complete occlusion. Although these findings are characteristic, skin biopsy cannot confirm SS unless cerebral involvement is documented.…”

Sneddon's syndrome with antiphospholipid antibodies and arteriopathy.

“…While cerebral angiography in patients with cerebrovascular disease and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has either been normal or revealed large-vessel occlusions, 2 middle-sized arteries are involved in Sneddon's syndrome. 3 ' 4 However, we did not suggest that the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia in Sneddon's syndrome was different whether antiphospholipid antibodies were present or not.…”

“…3 Its pathogenesis is unknown, but there are some reports of Sneddon's syndrome associated with aPL antibodies, 4 -6 suggesting that these antibodies may play a role. Nowadays, it seems clear that the association of livedo reticularis with cerebrovascular lesions could be the result of a wide spectrum of causes, one of which is the "primary" antiphospholipid syndrome.…”

Therapy of Sneddon Syndrome

“…SNS is clinically defined as the combination of livedo racemosa and cerebrovascular events [1, 11]. Because no specific test for SNS exists, clinical differentiation from other phenomenologically similar disorders may be difficult and has raised controversy [2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15].…”