“…VPT2 is a wellestablished method for anharmonic vibrational analysis, 42,43 while the CNEO theory, which was recently developed in our group, can incorporate NQEs accurately and efficiently in both quantum chemistry calculations [39][40][41] and molecular dynamics simulations. [44][45][46][47][48][49] The key difference between CNEO methods and conventional Born-Oppenheimer-based methods is that CNEO treats nuclei quantum mechanically while retaining the classical molecular geometry picture through constraints on the expectation values of nuclear position operators. 39,40 Recently, both CNEO harmonic analysis 41 and CNEO molecular dynamics (CNEO-MD) 44 have successfully been applied to a series of molecular systems with challenging hydrogen motion and/or hydrogen bonding characters, 41,44,[47][48][49] demonstrating their promise for tackling the challenge presented here with proline.…”