Snaps of a tiny amphipod push the boundary of ultrafast, repeatable movement

Longo, Sarah J.; Ray, William J.; Farley, G.M.; Harrison, J. S.; Jorge, J.; Kaji, Tomonari; Palmer, A. Richard; Patek, S. N.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.025

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Organismal movements propelled by springs and released by latches are renowned for accelerations exceeding 10 6 m s −2 and power densities exceeding 10 5 W kg −1 (mechanical power output of the movement relative to the mass of the energy source) [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Organisms successfully operate these mechanisms in diverse environments with minimal self-destruction such that they are usable for the life of the organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems

Hyun¹,

Olberding²,

De³

et al. 2023

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Ultrafast movements propelled by springs and released by latches are thought limited to energetic adjustments prior to movement and seemingly cannot adjust once movement begins. Even so, across the tree of life, ultrafast organisms navigate dynamic environments and generate a range of movements, suggesting unrecognized capabilities for control. We develop a framework of control pathways leveraging the non-linear dynamics of spring-propelled, latch-released systems. We analytically model spring dynamics and develop reduced-parameter models of latch dynamics to quantify how they can be tuned internally or through changing external environments. Using Lagrangian mechanics, we test feedforward and feedback control implementation via spring and latch dynamics. We establish through empirically-informed modeling that ultrafast movement can be controllably varied during latch release and spring propulsion. A deeper understanding of the interconnection between multiple control pathways, and the tunability of each control pathway, in ultrafast biomechanical systems presented here has the potential to expand the capabilities of synthetic ultra-fast systems and provides a new framework to understand the behaviors of fast organisms subject to perturbations and environmental non-idealities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems

Hyun¹,

Olberding²,

De³

et al. 2023

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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“…the new species is frequently found in association with another amphipod Dulichiella lecroyae Lowry and Springthorpe, 2007 usually consisting of one to several hyper adult males with enlarged second gnathopods and numerous females and juveniles. Adult males of the genus Dulichiella are known to use the enlarged gnathopod 2 to produce a cavitational "pop" like species of alpheid snapping shrimps (Longo et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new sponge inhabiting leucothoid amphipod species from the Western Atlantic

CUMMINGS,

WHITE,

THOMAS

2023

Zootaxa

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Two new leucothoid amphipod species are described from the Western Atlantic Ocean. Leucothoe mucifibrosa sp. nov., collected from Belize, may represent a member of the “Paraleucothoe” group with a specific sponge host preference. Leucothoe darthvaderi sp. nov., collected from South Florida, is part of the Leucothoe spinicarpa species complex and has demonstrated a shift in host preference over time, possibly associated with environmental perturbances.

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“…All rights reserved. [8,[10][11][12], our understanding of how these jumpers interact with a non-rigid substrate is limited to observational studies [13][14][15][16]. In one recently studied example, Cuban tree frogs have been shown to recover some elastic energy back from compliant substrates [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting small jumping robots to compliant environments

Divi

Reynaga

Azizi

et al. 2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Jumping animals launch themselves from surfaces that vary widely in compliance from grasses and shrubs to tree branches. However, studies of robotic jumpers have been largely limited to those jumping from rigid substrates. In this paper, we leverage recent work describing how latches in jumping systems can mediate the transition from stored potential energy to kinetic energy. By including a description of the latch in our system model of both the jumper and compliant substrate, we can describe conditions in which a jumper can either lose energy to the substrate or recover energy from the substrate resulting in an improved jump performance. Using our mathematical model, we illustrate how the latch plays a role in the ability of a system to adapt its jump performance to a wide range of substrates that vary in their compliance. Our modelling results are validated using a 4 g jumper with a range of latch designs jumping from substrates with varying mass and compliance. Finally, we demonstrate the jumper recovering energy from a tree branch during take-off, extending these mechanistic findings to robots interacting with a more natural environment.

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Snaps of a tiny amphipod push the boundary of ultrafast, repeatable movement

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems

Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems

Two new sponge inhabiting leucothoid amphipod species from the Western Atlantic

Adapting small jumping robots to compliant environments

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