Snakebite nephropathy (Review Article)

Sitprija, Visith

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00599.x

Cited by 117 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Most of our histological findings follow the pattern described in literature 1 . However, we found that persistence of intense interstitial infiltration of CD3 lymphocytes up to 90 weeks was striking in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Studies done in Sri Lanka, report similar pathology 2,3 . Although acute interstitial nephritis following venomous snake bites has been reported, the occurrence of chronic interstitial inflammation was not well established 1,4,5 . We recently reported the development of chronic kidney disease in 37% of people who had severe acute kidney injury, following snake bites 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kidney lesions reported following venomous snake bites are acute tubular necrosis, cortical necrosis, glomerulitis, mesangiolysis, proliferative glomerular nephritis and interstitial nephritis 1 . Studies done in Sri Lanka, report similar pathology 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocytic reaction in kidneys following snake bites: a histological descriptive report

Ratnatunga

Herath²,

Wazil³

et al. 2014

J of Cey Coll of Phy

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Acute kidney lesions following snake bites are well documented. We reported the development of chronic kidney disease following snake bites in a Sri Lankan cohort 2 . This retrospective study documents the histopathology of kidneys following snake bites, on a time line basis, with special reference to the presence of T and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes, predominantly CD3, were present in the renal interstitium from the 1 st week after the bite to as late as 90 weeks, long after cessation of tubular and glomerular necrosis. This finding suggests the possibility of continuing renal damage by the process of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis mediated by these cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocytic reaction in kidneys following snake bites: a histological descriptive report

Ratnatunga

Herath²,

Wazil³

et al. 2014

J of Cey Coll of Phy

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“…Hemolytic uremic syndrome has been reported following hemotoxic snake envenomation. [3] The early administration of antivenom is a vital therapeutic measure. The timely administration of antivenom completely reverses all clinical manifestations of systemic envenomation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snakebite-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Data from Southeast Anatolia

et al. 2008

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Renal failure is an important complication of snakebite and a major cause of mortality. We aimed to study the clinical profile of snake envenomation in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, in an adult population. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 200 snakebite victims from 1998 to 2006 at the Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Sixteen patients (8%) developed AKI (acute kidney injury). Of those, 25% required dialysis and 18% died. There was no difference between groups in age, arrival time to hospital, and hospital stay time. Both groups received similar hydration and therapy at admission. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was observed in 25% of the AKI group and was significantly higher than the non-AKI group (7.1%; p = 0.014). There was no significant difference regarding hemoglobin, platelet levels, and prothrombin time at admission. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia (<150,000 K/ UL ) was 60% in the AKI group and 40% in the non-AKI group (p > 0.05). WBC count was significantly higher in the AKI group than in those without AKI (p = 0.001); serum albumin was significantly lower in the AKI group than in those without AKI (p = 0.013). AKI is an important complication of snakebite that may lead to mortality. Despite some troublesome aspects due to its retrospective design, this is a large series from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey in an adult population. Subjects with high WBC, low albumin, and DIC should be closely followed up for the development of AKI.

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“…The pathogenic mechanisms observed in the case were found very similar to those seen with snakebite-related acute kidney injury (Sitprija, 2006) and other authors have doubted the attribution to V. bengalensis, instead suggesting that the victim was bitten by a Russel's viper (White and Weinstein, 2015). According to White and Weinstein, the vernacular name for V. bengalensis is ''goh'' (a contraction of ''gohera'' or ''ghorpad'') and is quite similar to ''ghonas'' and ''gunas'', local names for D. russelii.…”

Section: Varanussupporting

confidence: 63%

An investigation of the evolution of the anguimorph lizard venom system

Koludarov¹

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Over the course of the last two decades significant advances were made in our understanding of the evolution of venom in squamate reptiles. Several studies looked at nuclear genes from various lizards and snakes and confirmed the hypothesis put forth in E. Kochva's article "Phylogeny of the oral glands in reptiles as related to the origin and evolution of snakes" -that anguimorph lizards form part of a monophyletic clade with all the snakes. This confirmation confounded decades of morphology based taxonomy, as did evidence of the inclusion of the Iguania lizard lineage into that group. The new group received the name Toxicofera, emphasizing the role of oral toxins in the evolution of the lineage. Despite being supported by genetic, anatomical and proteomic data, the Toxicofera hypothesis remains controversial. This strengthens the necessity for thorough investigation of toxicoferan reptile venom evolution. The oral secretions of anguimorph lizards demand particular attention not only because they are understudied, but also for the reason that Anguimorpha contains species with the considerable morphological diversity of venom glands -from incipient to advanced and almost snake-like.Therefore the primary goal of this thesis is to address the lack of knowledge on anguimorph lizard oral secretions, in particular that of varanoid lizards which include various monitor species (genus Varanus) as well as Heloderma (gila monster) and Lanthanotus (Borneo earless monitor). This has been achieved through the implementation of several proteomic techniques (in particular, gel electrophoresis) as well as transcriptomic analysis and bioactivity testings.Chapter One reviews all previously published information on anguimorph venom evolution, highlighting the data in support of the Toxicofera hypothesis. Chapter Two presents new data on Heloderma lizard venoms and the striking similarities between the venom profiles of specimens from different localities as well as between species. The data presented and discussed in Chapter Three represents the core finding of this study: the surprising complexity and diversity of varanid lizard oral secretions.Taken together, this study present a compelling argument in favour of functional diversity and differential complexity of the venom of anguimorph lizards and discusses the evolutionary forces that helped generate this diversity.

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Snakebite nephropathy (Review Article)

Cited by 117 publications

References 49 publications

Lymphocytic reaction in kidneys following snake bites: a histological descriptive report

Lymphocytic reaction in kidneys following snake bites: a histological descriptive report

Snakebite-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Data from Southeast Anatolia

An investigation of the evolution of the anguimorph lizard venom system

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