Snakebite in a hen

Onoviran, O; Olufemi, B. E.; Onunkwo, O

doi:10.1136/vr.99.5.86

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Snakebite in avian species is rarely described but has been reported in poultry (Onoviran and others 1976, Lawal and others 1992), a duck (Bobány Dde and others 2013) and several hawks (Heckel and others 1994). Antivenom use had not previously been reported in birds; however, retrospective studies found that cats treated with antivenom had no adverse reactions to treatment (Hoose and Carr 2013), and dogs treated with a single vial had a higher survival rate than those treated with multiple vials (McCown and others 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of snakebite envenomation in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis)

Field

MacLean

Grillo

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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Envenomation of people and animals by snakes in the Viperidae family occurs commonly throughout the USA; however, envenomation of birds is rarely reported. Between 2009 and 2011, four sandhill cranes in a Louisiana breeding colony were bitten by venomous snakes. All suffered varying degrees of soft tissue trauma, oedema and tissue necrosis associated with the injury. All four were treated with supportive care and crotalid antivenom. None developed neurological symptoms during or subsequent to treatment, and each crane made a full recovery over the following weeks. As with other species, supportive care is essential in treatment of venomous snakebites and antivenom appears to be a safe and likely beneficial treatment in sandhill cranes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of snakebite envenomation in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis)

Field

MacLean

Grillo

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Thus, 24 unique records were identified via PM or GS search. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] A review of references for these records resulted in the addition of 3 more articles. [27][28][29] Only 3 additional reports of snake envenomation in birds, not found on database review, were identified through textbook and proceedings review.…”

Section: Systematic Scoping Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 7 reports (14 cases) of attempted treatment for natural snake envenomations, survival rates of treated patients ranged from 0% to 100%. 3,5,6,10,11,32,33 Of the 14 birds that received veterinary care, 86% (12/14) received prophylactic antibiotics, 71% (10/14) received antivenom, 57% (8/14) received corticosteroids, 50% (7/14) received either subcutaneous or intravascular fluid therapy with or without added dextrose, 21% (3/14) received a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (eg, meloxicam), 21% (3/114) received opioid pain medication, 14% (2/14) received traditional herbal snakebite remedy instead of clinician-recommended antivenom, 7% (1/14) received an antihistamine (eg, diphenhydramine), and 7% (1/14) received wound cutting. Survival rates were 80% (8/10) and 50% (2/4) in antivenom-treated and untreated birds, respectively.…”

Section: Treatments and Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Yet few reports are published for captive avian species. [3][4][5][6][7] The primary aim of this article is to provide a systematic scoping review of snakebite envenoming in avian species, especially the clinicopathologic findings, treatment protocols and outcomes, and species and geographic locations involved. Systematically conducted reviews are used to minimize bias in reporting the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snakebite Envenoming in Avian Species: A Systematic Scoping Review and Practitioner Experience Survey

Cummings,

Eisenbarth

2023

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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Snakebite envenoming in avian species is infrequently reported in the veterinary literature, although perhaps not as rarely as recent publications suggest. A systematic scoping review was performed on the topic using PubMed and Google Scholar, 21 veterinary textbooks, and 139 conference proceedings. A practitioner experience survey was also performed, with recruitment from Facebook groups for exotic animal practitioners and professional organization email listservs. Only 31 texts met our inclusion/exclusion criteria, which meant they described clinicopathologic signs of snakebite envenomation in avian species, the treatment of snakebite envenomation in avian species, or expanded the geographic range or the number of captive avian and snake species involved. Reports included approximately 15–20 different species of both snakes and birds worldwide; however, no reports described clinicopathologic signs of naturally occurring snakebites from Asia, Australasia, or Europe. The few responses from our practitioner experience survey suggest that snakebite envenomation may be more common than previously reported. Clinical signs of snake envenomation in birds appear to depend on the snake species involved but often include local swelling and subcutaneous edema or hemorrhage with paired fang marks; weakness, bleeding, neurologic deficits, and death may follow. A wide variety of treatment protocols have been used to counter snakebite envenomation in birds, including the successful use of antivenom. Based on this body of evidence, much remains to be learned about snakebite envenomation of birds, particularly about the efficacy of different treatment protocols.

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