Snakebite Envenoming: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Potential Treatments Role of Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Since snakebite has been a medical problem for many decades, very little progress has been made in reducing the number of people who die. Snakebite kills millions of people worldwide each year, and many more are severely harmed. A wide range of bioactivities, including bleeding, inflammation, and discomfort, as well as cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, and neurotoxic effects, are involved in snake venom's envenomation. Numerous toxin-rich proteins may be found in the venomous snake species whose antivenoms collectively include hundreds of poisons. Despite extensive research efforts, most snake venom toxins are still unidentified. Recently developed bioinformatics techniques for mining snake venom have facilitated an experimental study on the most interesting potentially toxic substances. Several computational approaches can predict toxin molecular targets and the binding manner to these sites. Modern bioinformatics is utilized to examine snake venom proteins, in addition to the usage of herbs in their therapy is also discussed in this study. Efforts should be made to ensure the availability of safe and effective antivenoms in low-income tropical countries at reasonable rates and to ensure their correct clinical usage in these nations.