Snakebite envenomation-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome presenting with Bálint syndrome

Panhypopituitarism and Central Diabetes Insipidus Almost Three Decades After Russell's Viper Envenomation: A Remarkable Case Report and Literature Review

“…In closing, snakebite envenomation can occasionally result in rare but serious atypical complications. 1,17,18 Panhypopituitarism with concurrent central diabetes insipidus may occur following snakebite (especially in Russell's viper envenomation). Early recognition and proper management of these complications are quintessential to preventing further morbidity, impaired quality of life, and mortality.…”

Bálint syndrome in a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy having underlying X-linked lissencephaly with subcortical band heterotopia/“double cortex” syndrome

“…Conversely, BS secondary to neurodegenerative conditions (i.e., posterior cortical atrophy, corticobasal degeneration) has a poor prognosis. 5 , 6 Ours is the first case of X-linked LIS with subcortical band heterotopia/“double cortex” syndrome presenting with reversible BS (secondary to status epilepticus) in a drug-resistant epileptic subject.…”

“…Clinical signs of Bálint syndrome (BS), a complex conundrum of simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia due to posterior cortex dysfunction, for their subtlety, difficult historical elicitation/interpretation, and rarity, often remain unrecognized during clinical examination. 4 – 6 BS has been traditionally described as a result of ischemic stroke involving bilateral parieto-occipital regions. 4 – 6 However, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), posterior cortical atrophy, Alzheimer’s disease, corticobasal degeneration syndrome, several leukodystrophies (posterior-predominant), neuro infections, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, non-convulsive status epilepticus, head injury, and cerebral metastasis can also give rise to this complex syndrome.…”

“…4 – 6 BS has been traditionally described as a result of ischemic stroke involving bilateral parieto-occipital regions. 4 – 6 However, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), posterior cortical atrophy, Alzheimer’s disease, corticobasal degeneration syndrome, several leukodystrophies (posterior-predominant), neuro infections, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, non-convulsive status epilepticus, head injury, and cerebral metastasis can also give rise to this complex syndrome. 4 – 7 …”