Snake venomics of the Siamese Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) — Relation to pharmacological activities

A proteomic analysis of Pakistan Daboia russelii russelii venom and assessment of potency of Indian polyvalent and monovalent antivenom

“…The presence of AMTs in Viperidae snake venom has been well documented [68], but no evidence has been presented demonstrating an active role of this enzyme in envenomations. AMT has not been reported previously from RVV from Southern India, Sri Lanka or Myanmar [6][7][8], but proteomic analysis of Pakistan RVV has documented the presence of this enzyme which comprised 0.2% of venom (Fig. 2) and eluted in GF-1 peak (Table 3).…”

“…These results indicate geographic as well as subspecies-specific differences in venom composition among Russell's Vipers. Daboiatoxin, a major PLA 2 toxin in venom of D. russelii siamensis from Myanmar [6], was reported to be absent in D. russelii russelii venom from southern India [7] and Sri Lanka [8]; however, a single isoform of this PLA 2 was identified in Pakistan RVV proteome (Table 3, Supplementary Table S1, Supplementary Fig. S2) reinforcing geographical variation in venom composition.…”

“…Recently, Sharma et al [7] and Tan et al [8] have identified 15 and 4 PLA 2 isoenzymes in venom of D. russelii russelii from Southern India [7] and Sri Lanka [8], respectively. However, Risch et al [6] have reported 22 PLA 2 isoenzymes in venom of D. russelii siamensis. These results indicate geographic as well as subspecies-specific differences in venom composition among Russell's Vipers.…”

“…Although venom of Russell's Vipers from different geographic origins of Indian subcontinent are well characterized [2,4,[6][7][8], with the exception of recent analyses of individual components [9][10][11][12][13], there is little information on composition, biochemical properties and pharmacological effects of RVV from Pakistan. Furthermore, snake venom is a largely untapped natural resource of novel pharmacologically active molecules [14], and only limited attempts have been made to explore the biomedically important proteins/peptides from Pakistan RVV.…”

Snake Venomics, Antivenomics, and Venom Phenotyping: The Ménage à Trois of Proteomic Tools Aimed at Understanding the Biodiversity of Venoms

“…4.3) (Alape-Girón et al, 2008;Angulo et al, 2008;Bazaa et al, 2005;Calvete et al, 2007bCalvete et al, , c, 2009bGutiérrez et al, 2008;Juárez et al, 2004Juárez et al, , 2006Lomonte et al, 2008;Núñez et al, 2009;Sanz et al, 2006Sanz et al, , 2008aTashima et al, 2008;Wagstaff et al, 2009). A few other laboratories have also reported qualitative proteomic studies on several venoms, including those from the European vipers, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes and Vipera ammodytes meridionalis (Georgieva et al, 2008), Vipera aspis (Ferquel et al, 2007), Asian Daboia russelli siamensis (Risch et al, 2009), Amazonian Bothrops atrox (Guércio et al, 2006), and Brazilian Bothrops jararaca (Fox et al, 2006) and Bothrops insularis (Valente et al, 2009). These studies have allowed the inference of phylogenetic alliances within genera Bitis (Calvete et al, 2007c) and Sistrurus ; to rationalize the envenomation profiles of Atropoides and Bothrops species; to reveal gene regulation effects on venom protein expression in Sistrurus rattlesnakes (Gibbs et al, 2009); to correlate geographic intraspecific venom composition variation and reappraisal of Vipera aspis venom neurotoxicity (Ferquel et al, 2007); and to define venom-associated taxonomic markers (Tashima et al, 2008).…”