Snake venom phospholipase A2s exhibit strong virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit the viral spike glycoprotein interaction with ACE2

Siniavin, Andrei E.; Streltsova, Maria A.; Никифорова, М. А.; Kudryavtsev, Denis S.; Grinkina, Svetlana D.; Gushchin, Vladimir A.; Mozhaeva, Vera A.; Starkov, Vladislav G.; Osipov, Alexey V.; Lummis, Sarah C. R.; Tsetlin, Victor I.; Utkin, Yuri N.

doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03985-6

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…It should be noted that SARS-CoV-2, which caused recently the COVID-19 pandemic, is budding through the endoplasmic reticulum [ 39 ]. In accordance with the above results, SARS-CoV-2 was highly susceptible to the action of PLA2s [ 40 ]. A series of PLA2s from the snake venoms were tested for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and it was found that dimeric PLA2s from the viper V. nikolskii showed especially potent virucidal effects and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-mediated cell–cell fusion.…”

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Animal Toxinssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…PLA2s inhibited binding both of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S and of an antibody against ACE2 to 293T/ACE2 cells. It was also found that V. nikolskii PLA2 was capable to bind both ACE2 and receptor-binding domain of the glycoprotein S [ 40 ]. These data indicate that PLA2s may inhibit the virus binding to its receptor on the host cell membrane.…”

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Animal Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Utkin

Siniavin

Kasheverov

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viruses infect all types of organisms, causing viral diseases, which are very common in humans. Since viruses use the metabolic pathways of their host cells to replicate, they are difficult to eradicate without affecting the cells. The most effective measures against viral infections are vaccinations and antiviral drugs, which selectively inhibit the viral replication cycle. Both methods have disadvantages, which requires the development of new approaches to the treatment of viral diseases. In the study of animal venoms, it was found that, in addition to toxicity, venoms exhibit other types of biological activity, including an antiviral one, the first mention of which dates back to middle of the last century, but detailed studies of their antiviral activity have been conducted over the past 15 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced these studies and several compounds with antiviral activity have been identified in venoms. Some of them are very active and can be considered as the basis for antiviral drugs. This review discusses recent antiviral studies, the found compounds with high antiviral activity, and the possible mechanisms of their action. The prospects for using the animal venom components to create antiviral drugs, and the expected problems and possible solutions are also considered.

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Section: Antiviral Activity Of Animal Toxinssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Animal Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Utkin

Siniavin

Kasheverov

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Before the neutralization test, hamsters’ sera were incubated at 56°C for 1 h. Sera dilutions were prepared in complete DMEM growth medium. Sera dilutions were mixed with 100 TCID 50 of SARS-CoV-2 and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Then, serum-virus mixture was added to a 96-well plate with a Vero E6 cell monolayer and incubated in 5% CO 2 at 37°C for 96 h. The virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was assessed using the MTT assay ( Siniavin et al, 2021 ). The half maximal neutralizing titer (NT 50 ) for sera was determined using non-linear regression, i.e., log (inhibitor) vs. normalized response—Variable slope model, using GraphPadPrism version 9.1.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, California, United States).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 Based on Structurally Modified Plant Virus as an Adjuvant

et al. 2022

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A recombinant vaccine candidate has been developed based on the major coronaviruses’ antigen (S protein) fragments and a novel adjuvant—spherical particles (SPs) formed during tobacco mosaic virus thermal remodeling. The receptor-binding domain and the highly conserved antigenic fragments of the S2 protein subunit were chosen for the design of recombinant coronavirus antigens. The set of three antigens (Co1, CoF, and PE) was developed and used to create a vaccine candidate composed of antigens and SPs (SPs + 3AG). Recognition of SPs + 3AG compositions by commercially available antibodies against spike proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed. The immunogenicity testing of these compositions in a mouse model showed that SPs improved immune response to the CoF and PE antigens. Total IgG titers against both proteins were 9–16 times higher than those to SPs. Neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in serum samples collected from hamsters immunized with the SPs + 3AG was demonstrated.

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“…Phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) are one of the main components of snake venoms [ 66 ]. HDP-1 and HDP-2 are PLA2s that are isolated from V. nikolskii and could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 [ 67 ]. So, they can be effective in improving COVID-19 [ 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Natural Toxic Metabolites in COVID-19

Bahrami

Taheri

Arabestani

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and the cause of the recent pandemic; it is an enveloped β-coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 appear in the Wuhan City of China for the first time and outspread worldwide quickly. Due to its person-to-person fast transmission, COVID-19 is becoming a global problem. SARS-CoV-2 enter into cells by using ACE2 receptors that are numerous in the lungs and finally can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Dry cough, sore throat, fever, body pain, headache, GIT discomfort, diarrhoea, and fatigue are some of the COVID-19 symptoms. There is no definite and certain treatment for disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 till now. Some pharmacological effects of toxins, toxoids, and venoms have been proven, and their effects on some diseases have been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the role of toxins, toxoids, and venom in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

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Snake venom phospholipase A2s exhibit strong virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit the viral spike glycoprotein interaction with ACE2

Cited by 33 publications

References 75 publications

Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 Based on Structurally Modified Plant Virus as an Adjuvant

Harnessing the Natural Toxic Metabolites in COVID-19

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