Snacking Among US Children: Patterns Differ by Time of Day

Wang, Dantong; Horst, Klazine van der; Jacquier, Emma; Eldridge, Alison L.

doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2016.03.011

Cited by 38 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In agreement with the US, Brazil and France (5,6,8), we observed that mid-afternoon snack consumption prevalence decreased with age. The number of food items consumed during a mid-afternoon snack occasion decreases with age; older children consume a unique food item, which is mainly fruit or sandwich.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Brazil, 97% of children between four and six and 78% of children older than ten report a mid-afternoon snack daily (6,7), and in France, where mid-afternoon snack is a traditional meal, the consumption increases up to 87% of children from nine to eleven years of age (8). These studies have also shown that the percentages of meal snack consumers differ between younger and older children (5,6), with decreasing number of snack meals among older children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, studies about the potential association between obesity and mid-morning and -afternoon snacks in Spanish children are still lacking. In other countries, mid-afternoon snack is more frequently consumed than mid-morning snack (5,6), and it is consumed by 80 to 90% of the children. In the United States, 79.7% of children from four to eight years and 75.8% from nine to 13 years report mid-afternoon snacking (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other countries, mid-afternoon snack is more frequently consumed than mid-morning snack (5,6), and it is consumed by 80 to 90% of the children. In the United States, 79.7% of children from four to eight years and 75.8% from nine to 13 years report mid-afternoon snacking (5). In Brazil, 97% of children between four and six and 78% of children older than ten report a mid-afternoon snack daily (6,7), and in France, where mid-afternoon snack is a traditional meal, the consumption increases up to 87% of children from nine to eleven years of age (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some countries, sweets and savoury snacks are the major contributors to snacking (5,8), and preferences across childhood span may change, decreasing fruit consumption and increasing sweets consumption (5,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency and quality of mid-afternoon snack among Spanish children

Azcona¹,

Santaliestra-Pasías²,

Miguel‐Berges³

et al. 2017

Nutr Hosp

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ResumenIntroducción: hay cada vez más preocupación acerca del tipo de alimentos y bebidas consumidos durante la merienda por los niños españoles. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia y la calidad de la merienda en una muestra representativa de niños españoles. Métodos: un total de 1.233 niños jóvenes (de tres a seis años) y 1.618 mayores (de siete a doce años) participaron en el estudio. Los alimentos y bebidas consumidos por semana durante la merienda se obtuvieron mediante una plataforma en línea. Resultados: el 84,4% de los niños pequeños y el 78,3% de los niños mayores eran consumidores de merienda. Los consumidores regulares eran, con mayor probabilidad, del sur y de las regiones del centro. El bocadillo fue el alimento más consumido entre los consumidores pequeños (49,5%) y mayores (59,7%). El 46,5% de las meriendas entre los pequeños contenían dos alimentos y el 50,1% de las meriendas entre los mayores contenían únicamente un alimento. "Frutas", "leche y galletas" y "frutas, galletas y zumos" fueron las combinaciones más consumidas al considerar uno, dos y tres o más alimentos durante una sola ocasión de merienda, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de las ocasiones de merienda, así como el número y la calidad de los alimentos consumidos disminuyen con la edad. Los niños españoles deberían aumentar la frecuencia de consumo de la merienda e incluir opciones saludables en sus menús. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales y de intervención para abordar el impacto en la salud de la merienda y cómo usar esta ocasión de comida para equilibrar las dietas de los niños. AbstractIntroduction: There are increasing concerns about the types of foods and beverages consumed by children during mid-afternoon snack in Spain. Aim: To describe the frequency and quality of the mid-afternoon snack in a representative sample of Spanish children. Methods: A total of 1,233 younger (three to six years) and 1,618 older (seven to twelve years) children participated in the study. The report of food and beverages consumed per week during the mid-afternoon snack meal (merienda) was obtained by an online platform. Results: An 84.4% of younger and 78.3% of older children were mid-afternoon snack consumers. Regular consumers were more likely to be from the South and the Centre regions. Sandwich was the most consumed food item among younger (49.5%) and older (59.7%) consumers; 46.5% of mid-afternoon snacks contained two food items among younger children, and 50.1% of mid-afternoon snacks contained one food item among older children. "Fruit", "milk and biscuits", and "fruit, biscuits and juices" were the most consumed combinations when considering one, two and three or more food items during one-time mid-afternoon occasion, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of mid-afternoon snack occasions and the number and quality of food items consumed during one-time mid-afternoon snack occasion decrease with age. Spanish children should increase the frequency of mid-afternoon snack consumption and include healthy options in their menus. Long...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Frequency and quality of mid-afternoon snack among Spanish children

Azcona¹,

Santaliestra-Pasías²,

Miguel‐Berges³

et al. 2017

Nutr Hosp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Daily Snacking Occasions and Weight Status Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years

Kachurak

Davey

Bailey

et al. 2018

Obesity

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ObjectiveTo characterize associations of snacking frequency with weight status among US children aged 1 to 5 years.MethodsParticipants were children (n = 4,669) aged 1 to 5 years in the 2005 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Snacking was assessed by two 24‐hour dietary recalls using definitions that considered “snack” occasions as well as other foods/beverages consumed between meals. Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) was defined using percentile cutoffs: ≥ 97.7th weight‐for‐length (< 2 years) cutoff and the ≥ 85th BMI‐for‐age (≥ 2 years) cutoff. Linear/logistic regressions evaluated snacking based on daily occasions and relative to current recommendations (two to three snacks per day).ResultsDuring 2005 to 2014, US children aged 1 to 5 years consumed, on average, two to three snacks daily. Children with normal weight in both age groups tended to snack less frequently than children with OW/OB when considering all foods/beverages eaten between meals (P < 0.01‐0.12). Across most snacking definitions, children < 2 years who snacked more frequently than recommended had greater odds of having OW/OB (P < 0.01‐0.12) and consumed greater daily snack energy than those who snacked within recommendations (all P < 0.01). Recommendations did not clearly delineate weight status among children aged 2 to 5 years.ConclusionsSnacking frequency and weight are positively associated among US children 1 to 5 years old, with most consistent associations seen among children < 2 years old and when considering all foods/beverages consumed between meals.

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Meal and snack: Two different contexts for foods and drinks

Phan

2019

Context

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Snacking Among US Children: Patterns Differ by Time of Day

Abstract: Snacking is an important contributor to energy and nutrients in children's diets, but foods and beverages selected vary by time of day and age. Modifying snacking choices, especially in the afternoon, could improve the nutritional quality of children's diets.

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Frequency and quality of mid-afternoon snack among Spanish children

Frequency and quality of mid-afternoon snack among Spanish children

Daily Snacking Occasions and Weight Status Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years

Meal and snack: Two different contexts for foods and drinks

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