Sn-Cuo-Arabic Gum Composition for Red Tracer Projectile Ammunition Potential

Abstract

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Fundamentally, tracer projectile material based on pyrotechnic composition, and where the pyrotechnic was generally composed of fuel, oxidizer, and binder. The tin (Sn) material is one of the candidates for fuel material because tin has a low melting point, so this composition can ignite at low temperature, while the copper oxide (CuO) can emit the orange-red spectrum. This study aims to evaluate the thermal and spectrum character of Sn-CuO-AG-based composition. The characterization data of these samples was evaluated by tests of morphology and phase, enthalpy change, calorie energy, and spectrum emission. Based on this data, the 17Sn-68CuO-15AG sample was emitted a strong red color too, but this sample has a high or the longest exothermic process. Furthermore, the 27Sn-58CuO-15AG sample has emitted a weak red color with medium exothermic energy. Generally, the 22Sn-63CuO-15AG is more suitable than the two other compositions for the tracer projectile composition of ammunition, this material emits a strong red spectrum and low-calorie energy.</p></div>

Novel CaCO3-Based Material Formulation for Orange-Colored Spectrum Tracer Projectile

“…This kind of tracer is called tracer projectile, which is intended to be the marker of target position [4]. Since the tracer projectile can produce heat energy and spark, it can also be used as an explosive and burn trigger in High-Explosive Incendiary -Armour Piercing (HEI-AP) ammunition [5].…”

“…The obtained color from the compound must be observable in a specified wavelength region and consider the visual perception of the human observer. Therefore, the tracer with red color is widely used for projectile since the human eye is more sensitive to see red color in dark conditions compared to other colors such as yellow, green and blue [5].…”

“…Since orange color possess the closest characteristic to the primary red color, it can be used as an alternative for the bright light tracer. Since the tracer material mixture generates luminosity as well as heat energy when it is used as the projectile, further research is required to find the optimum composition in order to avoid excessive heat energy, which can induce the breakage and/or crack to the jacket projectile, affecting the projectile accuracy or even causing injury to the user [5].…”

“…C2H2 + O2 (g) → 3/2C + 1/2CO2 (g) + H2O (g)G430 ℃ = −141.718 kcal (3) C2H2 + CaCO3 + 5/2O2 (g) → Ca(OH)2 + 3CO2 (g) G310 ℃ = −272.431 kcal(4)4/3FeCl3 + O2 (g) → 2/3Fe2O3 + 2Cl2 (g) G310 ℃ = −18.563 kcal(5) …”