SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

Barna, Barnabás; Szalai, T.; Camacho-Neves, Yssavo; Kwok, Lindsey A.; Foley, R. J.; Kilpatrick, C. D.; Coulter, D. A.; Dimitriadis, G.; Rest, A.; Rojas-Bravo, C.; Siebert, M. R.; Brown, P. J.; Burke, J.; González, E. P.; Hiramatsu, D.; Howell, D. A.; McCully, C.; Pellegrino, C.; Dobson, Matthew M.; Smartt, S. J.; Swift, Jonathan J.; Stacey, Holland; Rahman, Mohammed M.; Sand, David J.; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Wyatt, S.; Hsiao, E. Y.; Anderson, J. P.; Chen, Ting-Wan; Valle, M. Della; Galbany, L.; Gromadzki, M.; Inserra, C.; Lyman, J.; Magee, M.; Maguire, K.; Müller-Bravo, T. E.; Nicholl, M.; Srivastav, Shubham; Williams, S. C.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3543

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Apart from the outermost regions, Barna et al (2018) also argue that carbon is excluded from the inner ejecta ( 11 000 km s −1 ) of most SNe Iax. Similar results are also found by Barna et al (2021) for SN 2019muj. In this case, the significantly lower velocities of SN 2019muj mean that carbon does not appear below 6 500 km s −1 in the model.…”

Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Barna et al (2018) state that the carbon fractions predicted in these regions should be considered upper limits. Similar results are also found by Barna et al (2021) in the analysis of SN 2019muj -the sharp cut-off in the assumed density profiles means that the abundances in these outermost regions (i.e. where the car-bon appears in their model) are highly uncertain.…”

Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This is also demonstrated by Kromer et al (2013) for the case of the N5def model and SN 2005hk -despite a near-uniform carbon abundance there are no strong carbon features predicted shortly after maximum light. Barna et al (2018) (and indeed Barna et al 2021) only consider two possibilities for carbon in the inner regions -a uniform carbon abundance comparable to the Fink et al (2014) predictions or zero carbon. They do not attempt to place estimates on the amount of carbon that could be included in these regions, but simply not produce features.…”

Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of colour at maximum light however, pure deflagrations also produce comparable values for these light curve properties. Another argument against the ejecta produced by the pure deflagration scenario is presented by Barna et al (2017Barna et al ( , 2018Barna et al ( , 2021. In these studies, the ejecta composition is mapped for a sample of SNe Iax by radiative transfer modelling of progressively later epochs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the spectroscopic signatures of layering in the ejecta of type Iax supernovae

Magee,

Gillanders,

Maguire

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Investigations of some type Iax supernovae have led to the suggestion that their ejecta must be layered to some degree. Such an ejecta structure has been argued as inconsistent with the well-mixed composition predicted by pure deflagrations. Based on explosion models, we create toy models in which the ejecta are artificially stratified and progressively mixed until a uniform composition is obtained. We find that models that are heavily mixed, containing burned and unburned material at all velocities, produce reasonably good agreement with SN 2012Z, for which a layered structure has been suggested. We also discuss how existing ejecta compositions determined for type Iax supernovae do not necessarily contradict pure deflagration models and may be consistent with a steeper density profile. We investigate previous claims that differences in line profile shapes may be due to strong blending, by presenting a series of models with different plasma states. These models indicate that blending could indeed explain differences in the observed profiles. Alternatively, stratification could also explain such differences, however all of our models indicate that this does not necessarily require stratification in abundance. Sufficient stratification in ionisation state can be achieved even for a well-mixed model. Based on our analysis, we demonstrate that there is insufficient evidence to suggest the ejecta of type Iax supernovae must be layered and therefore argue the pure deflagration scenario is not ruled out, even for the brightest type Iax supernovae. Our analysis does not indicate the ejecta cannot be layered to some degree, but observations within days of explosion are necessary to determine the extent to which the outer ejecta could be layered.

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Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Presence and Distribution Of Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An analysis of the spectroscopic signatures of layering in the ejecta of type Iax supernovae

Magee,

Gillanders,

Maguire

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although a core-collapse origin for SN 2008ha was proposed by Valenti et al (2009), the photometric and spectroscopic properties of these faint objects seem to align more closely with the overall population of SNe Iax (Jha 2017). In particular, the unambiguous detection of Co lines in the Near Infrared (NIR) spectra of lower luminosity Iax events SN 2010ae (Stritzinger et al 2014) and SN 2019muj (Barna et al 2021), also seen in more luminous members like SN 2014ck (Tomasella et al 2016), suggests a kinship with more luminous SNe Iax and the general Ia population. Although the deflagration model of a hybrid CONe WD (Kromer et al 2015) yields extremely faint transients with peak 𝐵-band luminosity between −13.2 and −14.6, consistent with faint SNe Iax, it also produces very low ejecta masses (∼ 0.01 M ), an order of magnitude lower than that inferred from observations, leading to much faster predicted decline rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

SN 2020kyg and the rates of faint Iax Supernovae from ATLAS

Srivastav,

Smartt,

Huber

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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We present multi-wavelength follow-up observations of the ATLAS discovered faint Iax supernova SN 2020kyg (ATLAS20nuc) discovered in NGC 5012 at ∼ 40 Mpc. SN 2020kyg peaked at an absolute magnitude of 𝑀 𝑔 ≈ −14.9 ± 0.2, making it another member of the faint Iax supernova population. The bolometric light curve is adequately fit with an Arnett model, requiring only ≈ 7 × 10 −3 M of radioactive 56 Ni, with an ejected mass of 𝑀 ej ∼ 0.4 M . The 𝑔-band rise time inferred from the fit is ∼ 10 days, consistent with the low luminosity. The photospheric velocity around maximum, deduced from Si 𝜆6355 is ∼ 4500 km s −1 implying a low kinetic energy of 𝐸 51 ≈ 0.05 ± 0.02 erg. A self-consistent model constructed using the 1D radiative transfer code for the early optical spectra is dominated by carbon, oxygen, neon and intermediate mass elements like silicon, sulphur and magnesium. The model deviates significantly from the observed spectrum at > +14 days, suggesting the ejecta is transitioning towards an optically thin state, and/or presence of significant radioactive material in the outer layers of the ejecta. In order to constrain the rates of SNe Iax in the local Universe, we construct a homogeneous volume-limited sample of 902 transients observed by ATLAS within 100 Mpc during a 3.5 year span. Using this sample, we constrain the rates of faint Iax (𝑀 𝑟 −16) events within 60 Mpc at 12 +13 −8 % of the SN Ia rate. The overall Iax rate, at 15 +15 −9 % of the Ia rate, is dominated by the low-luminosity events, with luminous SNe Iax (𝑀 𝑟 −17.5) like 2002cx and 2005hk accounting for less than 1% of the Ia rate. We favor the hybrid CONe WD + He star progenitor channel involving a failed deflagration of a near Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf, expected to leave a bound remnant and a surviving secondary companion, as a candidate explanation for faint Iax explosions. This scenario requires short delay times, consistent with the observed environments of SNe Iax. Furthermore, binary population synthesis calculations have suggested rates of 1 − 18% of the SN Ia rate for this channel, consistent with our rate estimates.

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Early color photometry of a possible type Iax supernova 2023mnc: inferring the distance and progenitor constraints

Yang,

Zhang,

Shen

et al. 2023

Astrophys Space Sci

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Early-time radioactive signals from type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) can provide important constraints on the explosion mechanism and the progenitor system. We present observations and analysis of SN 2023mnc, a SN Ia, ∼ 7 days following its discovery. Follow-up observations were conducted in optical bands, covering phases from ∼ −4 days to ∼ 15 days relative to its r-band peak luminosity. The early photometry allows us to estimate the physical properties of the ejecta and characterize the possible divergence from a normal SN Ia; we were able to characterize it as a Type Iax supernova instead. The estimated date of explosion is t0 = 60130 MJD and implies a short rise time of trise ≈ 16 days. The apparent g-band peak magnitude and the post-peak decline rate are mmax(g) = −19.52 ± 0.47 mag and ∆m15(g) = 0.825 ± 1.635 mag, respectively. Based on the light curve fitting of standard SN Ia models, the distance modulus is predicted to be 37.98 ± 0.207 mag for g band measurements, and the SN is predicted to be 394.46 ± 38 Mpc from Earth. Assuming a 56 Ni powered radiative diffusion, the estimated bolometric light-curve peaks at 1.08 erg s -1 and indicates that only 0.05M⊙ of 56 Ni was produced, making SN 2023mnc a moderate luminosity object in the Iax class with peak absolute magnitude of MV = −16.4 mag. Comparing the observed color evolution with the predicted by different models such as deflagration-to-detonation transition and pure-deflagration scenario, the latter one is favored. The photometry of SN 2023mnc offers a unique opportunity to examine the progenitor systems and ignition process of the SNe Iax, adding weight to the population study of such sub-class SNe.

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SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

Cited by 20 publications

References 95 publications

An analysis of the spectroscopic signatures of layering in the ejecta of type Iax supernovae

An analysis of the spectroscopic signatures of layering in the ejecta of type Iax supernovae

SN 2020kyg and the rates of faint Iax Supernovae from ATLAS

Early color photometry of a possible type Iax supernova 2023mnc: inferring the distance and progenitor constraints

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