SN 1994I: Disentangling He i Lines in Type IC Supernovae

Clocchiatti, A.; Wheeler, J. C.; Brotherton, Michael S.; Cochran, A. L.; Wills, D.; Barker, E. S.; Turatto, M.

doi:10.1086/177165

Cited by 80 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…The expansion velocity of HeI forming this IR line perfectly matches the velocity of the HeI needed to form the small and transient absorption feature that Clocchiatti et al (1996a) identify as HeI λ5876. By comparing the spectra of SNe 1994I and 1987M, Clocchiatti et al were also able to identify a much stronger feature in the latter as a candidate to be HeI λ5876, and then two other lines of the HeI optical series at nearly the same expansion velocity.…”

Section: Helium In Sn Icsupporting

confidence: 55%

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New Perspectives on Type Ic Supernovae

Clocchiatti

Wheeler

1997

Thermonuclear Supernovae

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Abstract.The Type Ic supernovae are probably "nearly-nude" core collapse events. They are thus of special interest in terms of their evolutionary origin, but also as the source of potential clues to the explosion process that may not be obtained from other supernovae. Study of Type Ic shows that they are distinct from Type Ia, even those of the dimmer, redder variety. Type Ic also suggest that the historical classification scheme based on spectra cannot encompass the physical features of these and closely related events. The Type Ic probably all have a very small outer layer of helium, but not enough to make them merely a version of Type Ib. They probably require another evolutionary channel. Similar spectra near maximum light belie a variety of late-time light curve behavior. Some events classified as Type Ic, eg SN 1962L, 1983V, 1990B, and 1990U, follow a relatively slow evolution after maximum light, decaying ∼3.0 magnitudes in V during the first 150 days after maximum. These events seem to belong to a general category that includes SN 1993J and the Type Ib SN 19983N. Their light curves decline more rapidly than the expected late-time 56 Co decay with full trapping, but less rapidly than Type Ia. The late time light curve of these events seems to be independent of the velocity of the ejecta and hence implies the trapping of γ-rays in a manner that is independent of the mass that participates in the homologous expansion. Other Type Ic, SNe 1983I, 1987M, and 1994I, show steeper decline than even Type Ia.

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Section: Helium In Sn Icsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…From the velocities of helium measured by and Clocchiatti et al (1996a) one can estimate a characteristic energy. The velocity is about 17,000 km s −1 .…”

Section: Helium In Sn Icmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Type Ic Supernovae

Clocchiatti

Wheeler

1997

Thermonuclear Supernovae

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“…The spectra of the main SN types at maximum, three weeks, and one year after maximum. The representative spectra are those of SN1996X for type Ia [109], of SN1994I (left and center) [35] and SN1997B (right) for type Ic, of SN1999dn (left and center) and SN1990I (right) for type Ib, and of SN1987A [99] for type II. At late times (especially in the case of the type Ic SN1997B) the contamination from the host galaxy is evident as an underlying continuum plus unresolved emission lines.…”

Section: Main Supernova Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The He I λ10830 line in Type Ic was first found in the spectra of SN1994I [49] with velocity as high as 17,000 km s −1 [35]. It was noted that even as little as 0.1 M ⊙ of helium at such high expansion velocities implies an energy of about 3 × 10 51 erg in the outer shell alone.…”

Section: Type Ib and Ic Supernovaementioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Supernovae

Turatto

2003

Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters

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Abstract. The current classification scheme for supernovae is presented. The main observational features of the supernova types are described and the physical implications briefly addressed. Differences between the homogeneous thermonuclear type Ia and similarities among the heterogeneous core collapse type Ib, Ic and II are highlighted. Transforming type IIb, narrow line type IIn, supernovae associated with GRBs and few peculiar objects are also discussed.

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“…However, the exact mass and metallicity range of their progenitors is not known, nor the detailed physics of the explosion (see reviews by Woosley &by Smartt 2009). Stripped-envelope SNe (i.e, SN IIb, Ib, Ic and Ic-bl, e.g., Uomoto & Kirshner 1985;Wheeler & Harkness 1990;Clocchiatti et al 1996;Filippenko 1997) are core-collapse events whose massive progenitors have been stripped of progressively larger amounts of their outermost H and He envelopes (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stellar Forensics with the Supernova‐GRB Connection

Modjaz¹

2011

Reviews in Modern Astronomy

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Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and Type Ib/c Supernovae (SNe Ib/c) are amongst nature's most magnificent explosions. While GRBs launch relativistic jets, SNe Ib/c are core-collapse explosions whose progenitors have been stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes. Yet for over a decade, one of the key outstanding questions is which conditions lead to each kind of explosion and death in massive stars. Determining the fates of massive stars is not only a vibrant topic in itself, but also impacts using GRBs as star formation indicators over distances of up to 13 billion light-years and for mapping the chemical enrichment history of the universe. This article reviews a number of comprehensive observational studies that probe the progenitor environments, their metallicities and the explosion geometries of SN with and without GRBs, as well as the emerging field of SN environmental studies. Furthermore, it discusses SN 2008D/XRT 080109 which was discovered serendipitously with the Swift satellite via its X-ray emission from shock breakout, and which has generated great interest amongst both observers and theorists while illustrating a novel technique for stellar forensics. The article concludes with an outlook on how the most promising venues of research -with the many existing and upcoming large-scale surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory and LSST -will shed new light on the diverse deaths of massive stars.

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SN 1994I: Disentangling He i Lines in Type IC Supernovae

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

New Perspectives on Type Ic Supernovae

New Perspectives on Type Ic Supernovae

Classification of Supernovae

Stellar Forensics with the Supernova‐GRB Connection

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