SmoothMoves

Abstract

SmoothMoves is an interaction technique for augmented reality (AR) based on smooth pursuits head movements. It works by computing correlations between the movements of on-screen targets and the user's head while tracking those targets. The paper presents three studies. The first suggests that head based input can act as an easier and more affordable surrogate for eye-based input in many smooth pursuits interface designs. A follow-up study grounds the technique in the domain of augmented reality, and captures the error rates and acquisition times on different types of AR devices: head-mounted (2.6%, 1965ms) and hand-held (4.9%, 2089ms). Finally, the paper presents an interactive lighting system prototype that demonstrates the benefits of using smooth pursuits head movements in interaction with AR interfaces. A final qualitative study reports on positive feedback regarding the technique's suitability for this scenario. Together, these results show SmoothMoves is viable, efficient and immediately available for a wide range of wearable devices that feature embedded motion sensing.

Path Word

“…Firstly, because it does not need the exact user's gaze position, no calibration is required [43]. Our approach builds upon, modiies and extends dynamic [15] and static matching techniques [11,45]. Figure 1 (Middle Left) shows PathWord's user interface.…”

“…triggering activation even when the user has no such intention. They were adopted for eye tracking systems calibration [6,20,35], augmented reality [15,30], semaphoric gaze gesture through the Hololens [11] and for evaluating users cognitive workload [42]. They have also been used for input via gaze interaction on smartwatches [14].…”

“…RV coeicient for Correlation: Our method was inspired by recent studies. We modiied and extended the dynamic approach used in SmoothMoves [15] and Pursuits [43]. In their approaches, correlations between the eye and the target data for the x-axis and the y-axis are calculated using Pearson's product-moment correlation coeicient.…”

DialPlates

“…VR benefits from using Pursuits during interaction, especially when moving in VR [18], and when interacting with occluded targets [26]. Pursuits was also employed in augmented reality glasses [12].…”

Wattom: Ambient Eco-feedback with Mid-air Input

“…Direct interaction with Wattom is supported through motion matching [17], an interaction paradigm where interface elements move in continuous and distinct trajectories, and where users engage with these by tracking their movement with their bodies (e.g., eyes [28], head [29], hands [22]). This is exemplified in Figure 1, where a user interacts with Wattom by tracking a moving blue light with its hands.…”