Smoothing the lies: The distinctive effects of patent characteristics on examiner and applicant citations

Azagra‐Caro, Joaquín M.; Mattsson, Pauline; Perruchas, François

doi:10.1002/asi.21574

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is also worthwhile to note that examiners add a larger share of self-citations than the inventors themselves (Sampat, 2010;Alcácer et al, 2009). Based on these considerations, patent examination can also be viewed as a smoothing process that can sometimes close citation gaps between related inventions (Azagra-Caro et al, 2011). USPTO citations are indeed generally viewed as thorough in terms of containing links to relevant prior art (Meyer, 2000;Von Wartburg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Measuring Innovative Activity Through Patentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distant recombination and the creation of basic inventions: An analysis of the diffusion of public and private sector nanotechnology patents in Canada

2015

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Document publié chez l'éditeur commercialDocument issued by the commercial publisher Mention légale:Legal notice:In all cases accepted manuscripts should link to the formal publication via its DOI AbstractThis article explores whether the relationship between the breath of technological integration (recombination distance) and the breath of an invention's subsequent application (basicness) is moderated by the sector of activity (private or public), sciencelinkage strength and industry characteristics. Our analysis of Canadian nanotechnology patents granted between 1990 and 1997 shows that although private organizations generally yield smaller rates of basic inventions than public organizations, increases to recombination distance by the former increases invention basicness at a higher rate; increasing reliance upon basic science moderates the relationship between recombination distance and basicness; and increases to recombination distance in emerging sciencebased industries increases invention basicness at a higher rate. These findings have implications regarding the debate around the efficiency of the academic enterprise model. organizations, increases to recombination distance by the former increases invention basicness at a higher rate; increasing reliance upon basic science moderates the relationship between recombination distance and basicness; and increases to recombination distance in emerging science-based industries increases invention basicness at a higher rate. These findings have implications regarding the debate around the efficiency of the academic enterprise model.

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Section: Measuring Innovative Activity Through Patentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distant recombination and the creation of basic inventions: An analysis of the diffusion of public and private sector nanotechnology patents in Canada

2015

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“…In fact, patent citation behavior is extremely complex because of multiple citers within the same patent: the patent examiner and the inventor/applicant. Azagra‐Caro, Mattsson, and Perruchas () contend that examiner citations are for the purpose of restricting patent claims, whereas inventor/applicant citations are for demonstrating prior work/art related to the invention. Lai and Wu () claim that patent examiners, as government agents who approve patent applications, produce more credible citations and that more effort should therefore be devoted to better codification of patent citations.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patent citation analysis: Calculating science linkage based on citing motivation

Chambers

Ding

et al. 2014

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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Science linkage is a widely used patent bibliometric indicator to measure patent linkage to scientific research based on the frequency of citations to scientific papers within the patent. Science linkage is also regarded as noisy because the subject of patent citation behavior varies from inventors/applicants to examiners. In order to identify and ultimately reduce this noise, we analyzed the different citing motivations of examiners and inventors/ applicants. We built 4 hypotheses based upon our study of patent law, the unique economic nature of a patent, and a patent citation's market effect. To test our hypotheses, we conducted an expert survey based on our science linkage calculation in the domain of catalyst from U.S. patent data (2006-2009) over 3 types of citations: self-citation by inventor/applicant, non-self-citation by inventor/applicant, and citation by examiner. According to our results, evaluated by domain experts, we conclude that the non-self-citation by inventor/applicant is quite noisy and cannot indicate science linkage and that selfcitation by inventor/applicant, although limited, is more appropriate for understanding science linkage.

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“…A patent, like an academic paper, can contain citations. Many studies have explored patent citation behavior and patent citation motivation (Azagra-Caro, Mattsson, & Perruchas, 2011;Bhattacharya, Kretschmer, & Meyer, 2003;Lai & Wu, 2005;Stock & Stock, 2006). Patent citations are often used to represent the quality of an innovation and are considered a manifestation of the patent's influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are invalid patents still cited?

Dong

Chen

Huang

2019

Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Tech

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Patents contain reference citations. However, unlike journal papers, patents may become invalid if they are not maintained or have expired. This study determines whether invalid patents are still cited. We collected telecommunications patents as a sample to compare the citations of valid and invalid patents. The results indicated that approximately 50% of cited patents were invalid. Furthermore, the citations per patent of invalid patents were fewer than those of valid ones. Nevertheless, the citations per patent of invalid patents were reduced 5.21, and nearly 5% of the patents were cited only after they became invalid.

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Smoothing the lies: The distinctive effects of patent characteristics on examiner and applicant citations

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Distant recombination and the creation of basic inventions: An analysis of the diffusion of public and private sector nanotechnology patents in Canada

Distant recombination and the creation of basic inventions: An analysis of the diffusion of public and private sector nanotechnology patents in Canada

Patent citation analysis: Calculating science linkage based on citing motivation

Are invalid patents still cited?

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