Smoothing Intermittent Output Power in Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Li-Ion Batteries

Challenges in the operation of power systems arise from several factors such as the interconnection of large power systems, integration of new energy sources and the increase in electrical energy demand. These challenges have required the development of fast and reliable tools for evaluating the operation of power systems. The load margin (LM) is an important index in evaluating the stability of power systems, but traditional methods for determining the LM consist of solving a set of differential-algebraic equations whose information may not always be available. Data-Driven techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks were developed to calculate and monitor LM, but may present unsatisfactory performance due to difficulty in generalization. Therefore, this article proposes a design method for Physics-Informed Neural Networks whose parameters will be tuned by bio-inspired algorithms in an optimization model. Physical knowledge regarding the operation of power systems is incorporated into the PINN training process. Case studies were carried out and discussed in the IEEE 68-bus system considering the N-1 criterion for disconnection of transmission lines. The PINN load margin results obtained by the proposed method showed lower error values for the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indices than the traditional training Levenberg-Marquard method.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load Margin Assessment of Power Systems Using Physics-Informed Neural Network with Optimized Parameters

Bento

2024

“…Renewable energy sources, such as wind energy [2], solar energy [3], and geothermal energy [4][5][6], are gradually occupying important positions in energy supply due to their clean and sustainable characteristics. However, these renewable energy sources have unpredictable, intermittent, and fluctuation characteristics [7], which pose great challenges to the stable operation of the power system. During this period, although numerous energy extraction strategies and methods have emerged, such as unconventional shale gas extraction [8,9], coalbed gas-three gas coproduction [10][11][12], carbon dioxide geological storage [13], and salt cavern energy storage [14,15], China still mainly relies on traditional energy sources such as coal [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Transient Response of Compressed Air Energy Storage in the Interaction between Gas Storage Chambers and Horseshoe-Shaped Tunnels in an Abandoned Coal Mine

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

This study focuses on the renovation and construction of compressed air energy storage chambers within abandoned coal mine roadways. The transient mechanical responses of underground gas storage chambers under a cycle are analyzed through thermal-solid coupling simulations. These simulations highlight changes in key parameters such as displacement, stress, and temperature within the chamber group during the loading and unloading processes of compressed air energy storage. It is found that within a cycle, the small circular chamber experiences the most significant deformation, with an average peak displacement of 0.24 mm, followed by the large circular chamber and horseshoe-shaped tunnels. The small circular chamber exhibits maximum tensile and compressive stresses. Therefore, special attention in engineering practice should be paid to the long-term safety and stability of small circular tunnels, and the stability of horseshoe-shaped tunnels should be also carefully considered. The findings from this study offer some insights for theoretical support and practical implementation in the planning, design, construction, and operation of high-pressure underground gas storage chambers for compressed air energy storage.

“…The authors in reference [3,4] devoted themselves to meticulously modeling a Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS), which was found to significantly improve the grid connection stability of DFIG wind turbines. Their work provides essential models and references for further research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Frequency Regulation Strategy Based on Rotor Kinetic Energy of Double-Fed Induction Generator and Supercapacitor

Ma,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

To address the challenge of wind turbines meeting primary frequency regulation requirements, incorporating energy storage devices to handle most of the frequency regulation tasks would result in increased operational costs. When a wind turbine rotor accelerates, it deviates from the maximum power tracking point (MPPT), leading to reduced output while retaining significant rotational kinetic energy. Based on this characteristic, a primary frequency regulation strategy is proposed that coordinates the rotor kinetic energy of a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) with supercapacitors (SCs). Supercapacitors provide power support during low-frequency conditions, while accelerating the wind turbine rotor reduces output during high-frequency conditions. Additionally, continuous attention is given to subsequent frequency changes. In case of short-term, low-frequency conditions, stored kinetic energy is released for power support, establishing a mechanism for wind turbine kinetic energy recovery and release. This mechanism reduces charging and discharging requirements for supercapacitors, extends their service life, and considers both wind turbine frequency regulation requirements and economy. Finally, using MATLAB 2020/Simulink platform allows for the verification of the effectiveness and rationality of this proposed method.