Smoothelins and the Control of Muscle Contractility

Murali, Megha; MacDonald, Justin A.

doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2017.10.001

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The expression of SMTNL2 is higher in skeletal muscle and may be contacted with differentiated myocytes [ 44 ]. SMTNL has been suggested to play essential roles in muscles by interacting with the function of the contraction regulators (e.g., myosin phosphatase, tropomyosin, and calmodulin) [ 46 ]. The expression of ASNS and SMTNL2 in free-range rearing treatments was the highest among the three groups, which indicated that ASNS and SMTNL2 play an important role in the production of amino acids and skeletal muscle development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Rearing Systems on Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: Meat Quality, Amino Acid Composition, and Breast Muscle Transcriptome

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2022

Genes

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The quality of poultry products depends on genotype, rearing system, and environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different rearing systems on meat quality, amino acid composition, and breast muscle transcriptome from Lueyang black-bone chickens. Lueyang black-bone chickens (n = 900) were randomly divided into three groups (cage, flat-net, and free-range groups), with three replicates per group (100 chickens per replicate). At 16 weeks, a total of 36 healthy chickens (six males and six females per group) were collected, and their breast muscles were sampled to detect meat quality parameters, amino acid composition, and fatty acid contents. Furthermore, breast muscles from six random hens in each group were used for RNA-seq analysis. The results revealed that the values of pH, shear force, inosine monophosphate (IMP), palmitic acid, and linoleic acid in the free-range group were significantly higher than those in the caged group (p < 0.05). Fat content in the free-range group was significantly lower than in the caged and flat-net groups (p < 0.05). Glutamate (Glu) levels, the amino acid crucial for the umami taste, was significantly higher in the free-range group than in the caged group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the free-range and flat-net groups (p > 0.05). The breast muscle transcriptome results showed that there were 291, 131, and 387 differently expressed genes (DEGs) among the three comparison groups (caged vs. free-range, flat-net vs. caged, and flat-net vs. free-range, respectively) that were mainly related to muscle development and amino acid metabolism pathways. To validate the accuracy of the transcriptome data, eight genes (GOS2, ASNS, NMRK2, GADL1, SMTNL2, SLC7A5, AMPD1, and GLUL) which relate to fat deposition, skeletal muscle function, and flavor formation were selected for Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verification. In conclusion, these results suggested that rearing systems significantly influenced the meat quality and gene expression of Lueyang black-bone chickens. All the data proved that free-range and flat-net systems may provide better flavor to consumers by affecting the deposition of flavor substances and the expression of related genes. These findings will provide a valuable theoretical basis for the rearing system selection in the poultry industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Rearing Systems on Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: Meat Quality, Amino Acid Composition, and Breast Muscle Transcriptome

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…As a member of the smoothelin family of muscle proteins, the 459-amino acid smoothelin-like 1 protein (SMTNL1; initially termed CHASM, c alponin h omology- a ssociated s mooth m uscle 1,2 ) is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal calponin homology (CH)-domain, also found in the other smoothelins 3,4 . The smoothelins are specifically expressed in, and frequently used as markers of, differentiated contractile smooth muscle cells 3 ; however, findings discriminate SMTNL1 functionally from the other smoothelin proteins 4 . SMTNL1 appears to provide a potential mechanism for receptor-mediated signaling that promotes changes in vascular smooth muscle contractility through regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity 2,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoothelin-like 1 deletion enhances myogenic reactivity of mesenteric arteries with alterations in PKC and myosin phosphatase signaling

Turner

Chappellaz

Popowich

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The role of the smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) protein in mediating vascular smooth muscle contractile responses to intraluminal pressure was examined in resistance vessels. Mesenteric arterioles from wild type (WT) and SMTNL1 global knock-out (KO) mice were examined with pressure myography. SMTNL1 deletion was associated with enhanced myogenic tone in vessels isolated from male, but not female, mice. Intraluminal pressures greater than 40 mmHg generated statistically significant differences in myogenic reactivity between WT and KO vessels. No overt morphological differences were recorded for vessels dissected from KO animals, but SMTNL1 deletion was associated with loss of myosin phosphatase-targeting protein MYPT1 and increase in the myosin phosphatase inhibitor protein CPI-17. Additionally, we observed altered contractile responses of isolated arteries from SMTNL1 KO mice to phenylephrine, KCl-dependent membrane depolarization and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). Using pharmacological approaches, myogenic responses of both WT and KO vessels were equally affected by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition; however, augmented protein kinase C (PKC) signaling was found to contribute to the increased myogenic reactivity of SMTNL1 KO vessels across the 60–120 mmHg pressure range. Based on these findings, we conclude that deletion of SMTNL1 contributes to enhancement of pressure-induced contractility of mesenteric resistance vessels by influencing the activity of myosin phosphatase.

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“…It is one of proteins that are responsible for species-specific sperm adhesion to sea urchin eggs via interaction with Bindin localized on spermatozoan surface [ 48 , 49 ]. Smtnl1 encodes a muscle protein that participates in regulation of muscle contraction and adaptation in mammals [ 50 ], while in sea urchin embryos its functions remain unstudied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to quantitate maternal transcripts localized in sea urchin egg cortex using RT-qPCR with accurate normalization

2022

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The sea urchin egg cortex is a peripheral region of eggs comprising a cell membrane and adjacent cytoplasm, which contains actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, cortical granules and some proteins required for early development. Method for isolation of cortices from sea urchin eggs and early embryos was developed in 1970s. Since then, this method has been reliable tool to study protein localization and cytoskeletal organization in cortex of unfertilized eggs and embryos during first cleavages. This study was aimed to estimate the reliability of RT-qPCR to analyze levels of maternal transcripts that are localized in egg cortex. Firstly, we selected seven potential reference genes, 28S, Cycb, Ebr1, GAPDH, Hmg1, Smtnl1 and Ubb, the transcripts of which are maternally deposited in sea urchin eggs. The candidate reference genes were ranked by five different algorithms (BestKeeper, CV, ΔCt, geNorm and NormFinder) based on calculated level of stability in both eggs as well as isolated cortices. Our results showed that gene ranking differs in total RNA and mRNA samples, though Ubb is most suitable reference gene in both cases. To validate feasibility of comparative analysis of eggs and isolated egg cortices, we selected Daglb-2 as a gene of interest, which transcripts are potentially localized in cortex according to transcriptome analysis, and observed increased level of Daglb-2 in egg cortices by RT-qPCR. This suggests that proposed RNA isolation method with subsequent quantitative RT-qPCR analysis can be used to determine cortical association of transcripts in sea urchin eggs.

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Smoothelins and the Control of Muscle Contractility

Cited by 16 publications

References 122 publications

Effects of Different Rearing Systems on Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: Meat Quality, Amino Acid Composition, and Breast Muscle Transcriptome

Effects of Different Rearing Systems on Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: Meat Quality, Amino Acid Composition, and Breast Muscle Transcriptome

Smoothelin-like 1 deletion enhances myogenic reactivity of mesenteric arteries with alterations in PKC and myosin phosphatase signaling

An approach to quantitate maternal transcripts localized in sea urchin egg cortex using RT-qPCR with accurate normalization

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