Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics Method for Interaction Between Multi-Droplets and Substrate

Abstract

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, one of meshfree methods, is developed to simulate the interaction between multi-droplets and substrate with solidification. However, the SPH method for this complicated problem needs a large amount of computing time, since it has to use a large number of the SPH particles to represent multidrops and substrate. All-pair search and linked list algorithms are popular in the neighbor search, which is the most time consuming part of the SPH calculation. Both algorithms are tested in this paper. For the solidification process, since the volume of the melt is decreased continuously, a new method is proposed to speed up the SPH calculation. The new treatment is used to handle the particles near the free surface and near the solidification interface Multi-droplets impinging on a smooth substrate in 2D and 3D are simulated to demonstrate the capability of current numerical method on simulating the spreading and solidification of multi-droplets.

SPH simulation of YSZ and stainless-steel droplet impact for thermal spray process

“…The SPH method is a mesh-free Lagrangian method for simulating fluid flows and natural phenomena that involve complex deformations, free surface flows, and moving particles. Because of its advantage, the SPH method has been applied to study various multiphase fluid problems [18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][39][40][41][42][43][44]. The SPH method was applied to investigate the effects of contact angle and surface tension on the outcome of the YSZ droplet impact [20]; they found that the impact angle is less than 44°, and the droplet splash occurred.…”

“…The SPH method was applied to investigate the effects of contact angle and surface tension on the outcome of the YSZ droplet impact [20]; they found that the impact angle is less than 44°, and the droplet splash occurred. To investigate the solidification process resulting from the impacts of multiple droplets, an improved SPH method was employed and showed that the SPH formulation could predict the complex process, including the melting of the substrate during the impact [43,44]. A correlation between the splash threshold and the kinetic energy was investigated by comparing with experimental data.…”