“…Hybrid schemes composed of meshfree and FEM methodologies may encompass the advantages of both while mitigating their respective shortcomings [11][12][13], such as the partition of the unity finite element method (PUFEM) [14], generalized finite element method (GFEM) [15], FEmeshfree [16,17], meshfree-enriched FEM (ME-FEM) [18], and RKPM [5,19]. Zeng and Liu [20] combined the strain-smoothing technique of meshfree methods [21] and the existing FEM technology to establish smoothed finite element methods (S-FEMs) including the CS-SFEM for both 2D and 3D problems [22,23], node-based SFEM (NS-FEM) for both 2D and 3D [24,25], edge-based SFEM (ES-FEN) for 2D and 3D [26,27], face-based SFEM (FS-FEM) for 3D [28], and other hybrid schemes such as αFEM [29,30], βFEM [31], and smoothed FE-meshfree [32].…”