Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) to extraretinal motion signals in schizophrenia

Thaker, Guntvant K.; Ross, David E.; Adami, Helence; Boyer, Robert; Lahti, Adrienne C.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82706-5

Cited by 35 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Keefe and colleagues [84] argue that while such cortical disruption may have a wide-ranging impact on cognition, memory-prediction processes may be particularly affected due to the specific cortical layers most disrupted. Deficits in smooth pursuit eye tracking observed in schizophrenia are largely due to impairments in predictive mechanisms [97][98][99][100]. The improved performance of schizophrenia patients compared to controls when tracking a target that changes direction unpredictably also suggests a weakening of prediction processes, i.e.…”

Section: Possible Phenomenological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Nelson

Sass

2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenomenological research indicates that disturbance of the basic sense of self may be a core phenotypic marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Basic self-disturbance refers to disruption of the sense of ownership of experience and agency of action and is associated with a variety of anomalous subjective experiences. Little is known about the neurocognitive correlates of basic selfdisturbance. In this paper, we review recent phenomenological and neurocognitive research and point to a convergence of these approaches around the concept of self-disturbance. Specifically, we propose that subjective anomalies associated with basic selfdisturbance may be associated with: 1. source monitoring deficits, which may contribute particularly to disturbances of "ownership" and "mineness" (the phenomenological notion of presence) and 2. aberrant salience, and associated disturbances of memory, prediction, and attention processes, which may contribute to hyper-reflexivity, disturbed "grip" or "hold" on the perceptual and conceptual field, and disturbances of intuitive social understanding ("common sense"). These two streams of research are reviewed in turn before considering ways forward in integrative models, particularly regarding the role of early neurodevelopmental disturbances, primary versus secondary disturbances, and the state versus trait nature of such pathology. Empirical studies are required in a variety of populations in order to test the proposed associations between phenomenological and neurocognitive aspects of self-disturbance in schizophrenia. An integration of findings across the phenomenological and neurocognitive domains would represent a significant advance in the understanding of schizophrenia and possibly enhance early identification and intervention strategies.

show abstract

Section: Possible Phenomenological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Nelson

Sass

2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Abnormalities include (1) a failure of eye velocity to match target velocity during sustained visual tracking (ie low closed-loop gain) (eg Clementz and McDowell, 1994;Sweeney et al, 1999;Levy et al, 2000; see Levy et al, 1993 for a review), which is thought to reflect deficits in predictive components of the SPEM response (Thaker et al, , 1999; (2) an increase in catch-up saccades, which is secondary to low gain (Abel and Ziegler, 1988;Sweeney et al, 1994); (3) decreased acceleration during pursuit initiation (Clementz et al, 1995;Ross et al, 1996), which may reflect retinal motion processing and/or anticipatory learning deficits (Chen et al, 1999;Avila et al, 2002a); and (4) an increased frequency of leading saccadic eye movements (Avila et al, 2002b;Levy et al, 2000;Ross et al, 2000), which may reflect a loss of cortical inhibitory control over saccades during pursuit (Litman et al, 1994;Ross et al, 1998;Lencer et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Avila

Sherr

Hong

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several studies have shown that schizophrenic patients and their biological relatives generate a greater number of leading saccades during smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) tasks. This abnormality may reflect a failure of cortical and/or cerebellar areas to coordinate saccadic and pursuit eye movements during visual tracking. The pharmacology of this phenomenon is not known. Here, we sought to replicate and extend the findings of Olincy et al (1998), who found that nicotine transiently reduced the number of leading saccades during SPEMs. A total of 27 subjects with schizophrenia (17 males; 14 smokers), and 25 healthy comparison subjects (nine males; 14 smokers) completed an eye-tracking task after receiving a 1.0 mg nasal spray of nicotine and during drug-free conditions. Results confirm that nicotine reduces the number of leading saccadic eye movements during visual tracking in schizophrenic patients. Baseline impairments and the beneficial effects of nicotine were not restricted to patient smokers, as nonsmoker patients exhibited the greatest number of leading saccades in the no drug condition and exhibited the most pronounced improvements after nicotine administration. Improvement in patient nonsmokers was not a function of previous smoking history. No effect of nicotine was observed in control nonsmokers. In contrast to the previous study, nicotine appeared to improve performance in control smokers. Overall, the study results support a functional role of nACh receptors in improving eye-tracking performance, and are consistent with the hypothesis, articulated by several investigators, that nACh receptor system abnormalities are responsible for a number of schizophrenia-related neurophysiological deficits.

show abstract

“…The latter two findings suggest that ketamine did not significantly disrupt the predictive component of the smooth pursuit function. In an earlier study comparing relatives of patients with schizophrenia and normal groups, measures of predictive pursuit were found to be impaired in relatives (Thaker et al 1999). This measure, which is similar to working memory of target trajectory, of eye movement control is not similar between a ketamine infusion and schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…After this initial period, there was a 35-50% drop in the eye velocity and then the velocity stabilized at this new level until the end of the mask. This residual velocity is thought to reflect pursuit responses based on only extraretinal signals (Becker and Fuchs 1985) and was measured to obtain residual predictive gain (Thaker et al 1998). 3.…”

Section: Eye Movement Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the MST region, posterior parietal cortex in monkey encodes previously presented retinal motion information in the absence of eye movements (Ferrera et al 1994;Assad and Maunsell 1995). Studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic relatives have poor smooth pursuit response to only extraretinal motion signals (Thaker et al 1998(Thaker et al , 1999.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ketamine Effects on Eye Movements

Weiler

Thaker

Lahti

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) to extraretinal motion signals in schizophrenia

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Ketamine Effects on Eye Movements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About