Smooth pursuit eye movements of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder during clinical treatment

Flechtner, K.-M.; Steinacher, Bruno; Sauer, Robert M.; Mackert, A.

doi:10.1007/s004060200011

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The findings of reduced initial eye acceleration and pursuit gain in all proband groups that were relatively independent of clinical ratings, cognitive impairment and medication status are in line with previous reports from smaller sample studies indicating pursuit deficits as trait markers across psychotic disorders (Flechtner et al, 2002; Ivleva et al, 2014; Lencer et al, 2010; Lencer et al, 2004b; Sweeney et al, 1999). The observation of more severe impairments of pursuit maintenance in schizophrenia than in schizoaffective and psychotic bipolar disorders has not been reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Available evidence from small sample studies indicates that pursuit deficits are also present in schizoaffective and psychotic bipolar disorder, suggesting that they may represent a common neurophysiological intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders (Blackwood et al, 2007; Flechtner et al, 2002; Ivleva et al, 2014; Kathmann et al, 2003; Lencer et al, 2011; Lencer et al, 2004b; Sweeney et al, 1999). The model of pursuit deficits as intermediate phenotypes for psychosis is supported by preliminary studies indicating that pursuit deficits are observed in unaffected relatives of both patients with schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders (Blackwood et al, 1996; Calkins et al, 2008; Clementz et al, 1990; Kathmann et al, 2003; Lencer et al, 2003; Rosenberg et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study

Lencer¹,

Sprenger

Reilly

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Smooth pursuit eye tracking deficits are a promising intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia and possibly for psychotic disorders more broadly. The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium investigated the severity and familiality of different pursuit parameters across psychotic disorders. Probands with schizophrenia (N=265), schizoaffective disorder (N=178), psychotic bipolar disorder (N=231), their first-degree relatives (N=306, N=217, N=273, respectively) and healthy controls (N=305) performed pursuit tracking tasks designed to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive/predictive aspects of pursuit. Probands from all diagnostic groups were impaired on all pursuit measures of interest compared to controls (p<0.001). Schizophrenia probands were more impaired than other proband groups on both early pursuit gain and predictive gain. Relatives with and without enhanced psychosis spectrum personality traits were impaired on initial eye acceleration, the most direct sensorimotor pursuit measure, but not on pursuit gain measures. This suggests that alterations in early sensorimotor function may track susceptibility to psychosis even in the absence of psychosis related personality traits. There were no differences in pursuit measures between relatives of the three proband groups. Familiality estimates of pursuit deficits indicate that early pursuit gain was more familial than predictive gain, which has been the most widely used measure in previous family studies of psychotic disorders. Thus, while disease-related factors may induce significant impairments of pursuit gain, especially in schizophrenia, the pattern of deficits in relatives and their familiality estimates suggest that alterations in sensorimotor function at pursuit onset may indicate increased susceptibility across psychotic disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study

Lencer¹,

Sprenger

Reilly

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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“…There are also some potential limitations to this study to consider. Although comparable to the sample sizes of other oculomotor studies in OCD and other psychiatric disorders (Farber et al 1999 ;Burke & Reveley, 2002 ;Flechtner et al 2002), the sample sizes are relatively small compared to oculomotor studies in healthy volunteers (Fischer et al 1997). Unfortunately, the design of our study did not allow for a direct comparison of our data with those from the study of Maruff et al (1999).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Saccadic abnormalities in psychotropic-naive obsessive–compulsive disorder without co-morbidity

et al. 2006

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Background. Oculomotor studies have found saccadic abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lending support for models postulating a central role for inhibition in OCD. Saccadic abnormalities in OCD may also be potential candidates for a biological marker, important for more endophenotype-oriented research. Saccadic abnormalities have not been examined in psychotropicnaive patients with OCD without co-morbidity.

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“…Green et al [77] have also demonstrated an increase in antisaccade errors in schizophrenic patients treated by benzodiazepine. However, other series did not show any treatment effects on eye movements [78] or latency and ER for antisaccade in schizophrenic and depressed patients [79]. To reduce intervening effects, we ensured that all patients were in a stable phase of their disease and were not showing any clinical signs of drug side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movements in Depressed Elderly Patients

et al. 2014

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The primary aim of this study was to characterize oculomotor performances in elderly depressed patients. The second aim was to investigate whether cognitive inhibition measured by the antisaccade task was associated with a psychomotor retardation or rather with a more specific cognitive-motor inhibition deficit. Twenty patients with a major depressive disorder and forty-seven healthy subjects performed two eye movement tasks. Saccadic reaction time and error rates were analyzed in the prosaccade task to obtain basic parameters of eye movements. Saccade latency, error rates and correction rates were evaluated in the antisaccade task to investigate inhibition capacities. Performances were impaired in patients, who exhibited a higher reaction time and error rates compared to controls. The higher time cost of inhibition suggested that the reaction time was not related to global psychomotor retardation alone. The higher time cost of inhibition could be explained by a specific alteration of inhibition processes evaluated by the antisaccade task. These changes were associated with the severity of depression. These findings provide a new perspective on cognitive inhibition in elderly depressed patients and could have important clinical implications for our understanding of critical behaviors involving deficits in inhibitory processes in the elderly.

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Smooth pursuit eye movements of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder during clinical treatment

Abstract: Our results indicate that the most important measures of eye tracking performance in psychiatric patients are not significantly influenced by neuroleptic medication or clinical state and are stable across time.

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study

Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study

Saccadic abnormalities in psychotropic-naive obsessive–compulsive disorder without co-morbidity

Saccadic Eye Movements in Depressed Elderly Patients

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