Smoldering fire propagation in corn grain: an experimental study

Rosa, Ana Carolina; Hammad, Ahmed W. A.; Qualharini, Eduardo Linhares; Vazquez, Elaine Garrido; Haddad, Assed

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2020.100151

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The temperature history at one spot of the batch fuel bed can be divided into two stages-drying and oxidation. At the drying stage, the temperature first increases and then stabilizes at a temperature of about 60 • C. This is similar to the temperature of smoldering pine bark particle [39] and sewage sludge [4], which is different from the temperature (around 100 • C) of smoldering corn stalk powder [40] and corn flour [6]. Supplement experiments show this temperature is always around 60 • C in natural piled rice husk.…”

Section: Thermal and Physical Characterization Of Ashmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The application of it in the field of waste-to-energy conversion such as sludge treatment [3], recovery of resources from waste streams [4], and biomass energy conversion [5] has attracted lots of attention in recent years. The main advantages are its low temperature of the solid phase [6] and self-sustainability in a fuel bed with high moisture content (75-80 wt.%) [7]. From an environmental point of view, these characteristics avoid the ash-related slagging/corrosion [8], making nutrients recovery easy via recycling of ash directly to farms [9] and reducing the pollution of solid waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Smoldering on Moist Rice Husk for Silica Production

Yan

Yin

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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In order to assess the possibility of silica production via smoldering of moist rice husk, experiments of washed (moist) rice husk (7 kg with moisture content of 51%) in a newly designed smoldering apparatus was performed. The temperature inside the fuel bed during smoldering was recorded, and characteristics of ash were analyzed. Results showed that the highest temperature in the middle of the naturally piled fuel bed was about 560.0 °C, lower than those in most of combustors. Some volatiles from the lower part of the fuel bed adhere to its upper ash during piled smoldering. Silica content and specific surface area of ash from smoldering of washed (moist) rice husk were 86.4% and 84.9 m2/g, respectively. Compared to our experiments, they are close to smoldering of unwashed rice husk (89.0%, 67.7 m2/g); different from muffle furnace burning (600 °C, 2 h) of washed (93.4%, 164.9 m2/g) and un-washed (90.2%, 45.7 m2/g) rice husk. The specific surface area is higher than those from most industrial methods (from 11.4 to 39.3 m2/g). After some improvements, the smoldering process has great potential in mass product of high quality silica directly from moist rice husk.

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Section: Thermal and Physical Characterization Of Ashmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Smoldering on Moist Rice Husk for Silica Production

Yan

Yin

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…In addition, as demonstrated in Fig. 15, corn grain [128] and corn stalk [129] were taken as the subjects to study the effect of particle size and moisture content on the downward smoldering combustion of fuel bed, which takes place in natural smoldering of biomass fuels. The results indicate that samples with small granular diameter and low moisture are prone to smoldering due to a higher contact area of oxygen and less required heat for vaporization.…”

Section: Crop-based Flame-retardant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based materials for fire-retardant application in construction products: a review

Yang

Ibarra

Wang

2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Bio-based materials are showing great potential to be widely used in construction industry, while reducing fire risk and improving fire resistance of these alternatives also become a major concern due to their inherent flammability. Initially, this review introduces three common bio-based construction materials, including biopolymer-based materials, wood-based materials, and crop-based materials, and their fire behaviors in flaming and smoldering combustion scenarios, accompanied with some typical flame-retardant mechanisms. Sequentially, the recent achievements in improving fire resistance are mainly exhibited in detail for each kind of bio-based materials. There are numerous reports for biopolymer-based flame-retardant materials with mature flame-retardant methodology. With regard to wood-based flame-retardant materials, different criteria and methodologies are needed to evaluate the flameretardant properties. Meanwhile, in the case of crop-based insulation materials is essential to carefully consider the fire behavior, both in flaming and smoldering combustions, and not only focus on their thermal performance. In the final section, based on the requirements of fire safety and practicality for construction materials, biobased alternatives with excellent good fire resistance and practical performance are summarized to be a promising way to meet future challenges.

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“…6 It is also estimated that there are 100 grain dryer fires per annum in Germany, 7 and yet literature is quite sparse on food grain fire research. A few studies that exist include the effect of mould on the smouldering of rice grains by Wang et al 8 The effect of particle size on the smouldering of corn was investigated by Rosa et al, 9 and the combustion of corn with surface temperature measurements by Cai et al 10 Fire parameters and comparative thermal hazards of food grains were recently investigated by Oguaka et al 11 These studies have not addressed or compared the ignitability of different types of food grains, which is the focus of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative ignition properties of food grains and surface temperatures at ignition

Oguaka,

Flores-Quiroz,

Walls

2024

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Fire safety of food grains in storage, transport and processing facilities requires knowledge of their ignition properties some of which have been determined in this study. Cowpea, lentils, millet, soybean, unshelled peanut, flax (linseed), sunflower, shelled peanut and sesame, at 10% moisture content were studied. A cone calorimeter heater was used to impose radiative heat fluxes of 25, 35 and 47.5 kW/m2 on the food grains to determine the time to piloted ignition concurrently with the surface temperature at ignition ( Ts,ig). Ignition temperatures ( Tig) were calculated from experimentally determined critical heat fluxes. The thermal response parameter and thermal inertia ([Formula: see text]) essential for the characterization of the ignition of the food grains were also calculated. Thermal response parameter appears to be best suited for distinguishing the ignitability of the food grains. Ignition temperatures range between 239°C and 305°C, while thermal response parameter varies between 261 and 565 kWs0.5/m2. Small particle-sized grains showed higher ignitability.

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Smoldering fire propagation in corn grain: an experimental study

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Characteristics of Smoldering on Moist Rice Husk for Silica Production

Characteristics of Smoldering on Moist Rice Husk for Silica Production

Bio-based materials for fire-retardant application in construction products: a review

Radiative ignition properties of food grains and surface temperatures at ignition

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