Smoldering Combustion

Rein, Guillermo

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_19

Cited by 102 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Although one to two dowels typically glowed at their tips, most dowels were either charred or had turned to ash when removed from the oven. It was determined that the oven did not provide sufficient oxygen for the dowels to reach a smoldering state [21].…”

Section: Wood Properties and Firebrand Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characterization of firebrand piles

Hakes

Salehizadeh

Weston-Dawkes

et al. 2019

Fire Safety Journal

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Section: Wood Properties and Firebrand Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characterization of firebrand piles

Hakes

Salehizadeh

Weston-Dawkes

et al. 2019

Fire Safety Journal

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“…The complexity of smoldering fires is thoroughly described in the literature . A smoldering fire is a flameless form of incomplete combustion, and the propagating reaction may leave behind a char that contains a significant amount of non‐combusted fuel, in addition to ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have focused on smoldering fires in various biomass materials, such as wood pellets, peat, dust, coal, mulch, wood fiber insulation, and cotton . Some of these products are relatively refined and stored in dry, closed conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study

et al. 2020

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Fires in wood waste storages cause financial losses, are difficult to extinguish, and emit large amounts of fire effluents. The mechanisms related to fires in wood chip piles are not well elucidated. To find suitable preventive measures for handling such fires in wood waste, a better understanding of the physical properties of wood waste is needed. The present study investigates how granularity affects mechanisms of smoldering fire and transition to flaming in wood chip piles. Eighteen experiments with samples inside a top-ventilated, vertical cylinder were conducted. Heating from underneath the cylinder induced auto-ignition and smoldering fire, and temperatures and mass loss of the sample were measured. The results showed that granularity significantly affects the smoldering fire dynamics. Material containing larger wood chips (length 4-100 mm) demonstrated more irregular temperature development, higher temperatures, faster combustion, and higher mass losses than material of smaller wood chips (length <4 mm). The larger wood chips also underwent transition to flaming fires. Flaming fires were not observed for small wood chips, which instead demonstrated prolonged and steady smoldering propagation. The differences are assumed to be partly due to the different bulk densities of the samples of large and small wood chips affecting the ventilation conditions. Increased knowledge about these combustion processes and transition to flaming is vital to develop risk-reducing measures when storing wood chips made from wood waste in piles.

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“…Gas-and particle-phase organic compounds analyzed in cheatgrass combustion samples were assigned to nine groups based on their chemical structures (Table S1): alkanoic acids (20), alkenoic acids (5), benzoic acids and substituted benzoic acids (9), alkanedioic acids (15), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (2), anhydrous sugars (2), methoxyphenols (10), methoxy acids (9), and resin acids (7). The EFs are shown in Table 4, together with the EFs reported in previous studies [48,56,57].…”

Section: Efs Of Organic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from the Open Laboratory Combustion of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum)

et al. 2020

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Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum) is a highly invasive species in the Great Basin of the Western USA that is increasing the frequency and intensity of wildland fires. Though cheatgrass plays a significant role in the fire ecology of the Great Basin, very little is known about its combustion emissions. The fresh smoke from 16 open laboratory burns of cheatgrass was analyzed using real-time measurements and filter analysis. We presented measured intensive optical properties of the emitted smoke, including absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), single scattering albedo (SSA), and other combustion properties, such as modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and fuel-based emission factors (EFs). In addition, we gave a detailed chemical analysis of polar organic species in cheatgrass combustion emissions. We presented EFs that showed a large variation between fuels and demonstrated that analysis of combustion emissions for specific fuels was important for studying and modeling the chemistry of biomass-burning emissions.

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Smoldering Combustion

Cited by 102 publications

References 60 publications

Thermal characterization of firebrand piles

Thermal characterization of firebrand piles

Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study

Emissions from the Open Laboratory Combustion of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum)

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