Smoking Trajectory Classes and Impact of Social Smoking Identity in Two Cohorts of U.S. Young Adults

Johnson, Amanda L.; Villanti, Andrea C.; Williams, Valerie F; Rath, Jessica M.; Vallone, Donna; Abrams, David B.; Hedeker, Donald; Mermelstein, Robin J.

doi:10.1177/2167696818763949

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Past-30-day e-cigarette users were classified as participants who reported that they had used an e-cigarette product at least once during the past 30 days. In order to compute a respondent’s cigarette consumption rate that accounted for both number of days smoked (0–30) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (0–100 plus), we modified a measure used by Johnson and colleagues [ 19 ], where a respondent’s cigarette consumption rate is calculated as the number of cigarettes consumed per day, multiplied by the number of days on which a cigarette was smoked. Historically in the literature, cigarette consumption has been measured in two ways—number of days tobacco was consumed during the month (e.g., someday and everyday smoking) and the average number of cigarettes consumed per day (e.g., chipper, light, half-pack, etc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokers Are More Likely to Smoke More after the COVID-19 California Lockdown Order

Gonzalez

Epperson

Halpern‐Felsher

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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To determine if cigarette smoking, electronic cigarette use, and rate of consumption of these products differed before and after a pandemic lockdown order, two convenience samples of adults in Central California were recruited and surveyed before (March 2020) and after (May 2020) COVID-19 lockdown orders were implemented in California (n = 2571). Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression models tested the association between adults recruited pre- or post-California lockdown and past month cigarette use, past month electronic cigarette use, past month cigarette consumption, and past month e-cigarette consumption among current users, controlling for demographic differences. Adults pre- and post-lockdown had equal odds of using cigarettes during the past month. Cigarette users who responded post-lockdown had higher cigarette consumption rates compared to cigarette users who responded pre-lockdown (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.23). Adults who responded post-lockdown had lower odds of using electronic cigarettes during the past month compared to participants surveyed before the order (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.78). Cigarette users may be using more cigarettes during the state mandated lockdown. Possible causes for this increase in cigarette use may include increased stress, the change in workplace smokefree protections coverage, and increased opportunities for smoking or vaping.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokers Are More Likely to Smoke More after the COVID-19 California Lockdown Order

Gonzalez

Epperson

Halpern‐Felsher

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Parental smoking was assessed by asking at study entry whether one or both parents or guardians smoked cigarettes during the respondent’s childhood. Self-identified smoking status was also included, given that it is associated with smoking progression in adolescents 31 and young adults 32,33 ; the item asked “Which of the following best describes how you think of yourself?” with response choices of “smoker,” “social smoker,” “occasional smoker,” “ex-smoker,” “someone who tried smoking,” and “nonsmoker.” Categories were collapsed to “smoker,” “social/occasional smoker,” “ex-smoker/tried smoking” and “nonsmoker.” Participants were asked about past 30-day use (yes/no) of seven tobacco products including cigarettes, cigars (traditional cigars, little cigars/ cigarillos), electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), smokeless tobacco (chew, dip/snuff), and hookah.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Classes of Nicotine Beliefs Correlate with Perceived Susceptibility and Severity of Nicotine and Tobacco Products in US Young Adults

Villanti

Naud

West

et al. 2019

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Background Pervasive misperceptions about nicotine may influence uptake of quit smoking aids and the impact of policies addressing nicotine as a tobacco product constituent. Methods Latent class analyses were conducted using four items on nicotine beliefs asked of 4037 adults aged 18–40 in wave 9 (February–March 2016) of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study. Confirmatory factor analyses identified three factors from 12 items: nicotine susceptibility (NSUS), nicotine severity (NSEV), and tobacco severity (TSEV). Analyses assessed correlations between latent classes, sociodemographics, and nicotine/tobacco factor scores. Results A four-class model of nicotine beliefs was the best fit, with the largest class believing that nicotine plays a major part in smoking risks (class 1, n = 2070; 52%). Class 2 shared that belief but also responded “Don’t know” to addiction questions (class 2, n = 382; 11%). Fewer belonged in class 3, who reported that nicotine plays a small part in health risks (n = 1277; 30%), and class 4, who perceived nicotine as not cancer causing (n = 308; 7%). Latent class membership was correlated with sociodemographics, peer smoking, and past 30-day tobacco use. Classes 1 and 2 had similar NSUS scores and classes 3 and 4 had similar NSEV and TSEV scores. Discussion Differences in the perceptions of nicotine and tobacco-related harms can be partially explained by clustering of underlying nicotine beliefs. These classes of beliefs are correlated with sociodemographic predictors of smoking. These findings may help to identify specific beliefs or groups to be targeted by public education efforts on nicotine. Implications The current study supports that underlying nicotine beliefs are associated with perceived harms of specific nicotine and tobacco products (relative to cigarettes), with greater false beliefs about nicotine correlated with greater perceived susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Two important inferences emerge from this study: first, that education to address nicotine beliefs may also reframe perceptions of the harms of nicotine and tobacco products; and second, that this type of education may differentially impact perceptions of the harms of nicotine products (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes) and tobacco products (e.g., cigars, smokeless, and hookah).

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“…Our studies in a cohort of young adults, conducted following the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement and the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act which granted FDA regulatory authority over tobacco products, provide new insights into smoking behavior in today's young people. These studies report rapid escalation of smoking behavior in a subset of youth after age 18, the presence of multiple lowerlevel smoking trajectories, and the lack of a Bquitter^group in emerging adults (Hair et al 2017;Johnson et al 2018). Crosssectional studies also highlight that exclusive cigarette use is no longer the typical pattern of tobacco and nicotine use in young people given the high prevalence of multiple tobacco and nicotine product use (i.e., poly-product use) in contemporary adolescents and young adults (Collins et al 2017;Fix et al 2014;Rath et al 2012;Richardson et al 2014;Villanti et al 2016).…”

Section: Young Adults and Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults: the Concept of Prevescalation

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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As adolescents cross the threshold to young adulthood, they encounter more opportunities to engage in or accelerate previously discouraged or prohibited behaviors. Young adults, therefore, are more apt to initiate cigarette smoking and, more importantly, to accelerate their use if they tried and experimented as an adolescent. Preventing the escalation and entrenchment of smoking in the young adult years is critically important to reducing tobacco's long-term health toll. However, traditional interventions for youth have focused on preventing smoking initiation, and interventions for adults have focused on smoking cessation; both have failed to address the needs of young adults. We introduce the concept of Bprevescalation^to capture the need and opportunity to prevent the escalation of risk behaviors that typically occur during young adulthood, with a focus on the example of cigarette smoking. Prevescalation negates the notion that prevention has failed if tobacco experimentation occurs during adolescence and focuses on understanding and interrupting transitions between experimentation with tobacco products and established tobacco use that largely occur during young adulthood. However, since risk behaviors often co-occur in young people, the core concept of prevescalation may apply to other behaviors that co-occur and become harder to change in later adulthood. We present a new framework for conceptualizing, developing, and evaluating interventions that better fit the unique behavioral, psychosocial, and socio-environmental characteristics of the young adult years. We discuss the need to target this transitional phase, what we know about behavioral pathways and predictors of cigarette smoking, potential intervention considerations, and research challenges.

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Smoking Trajectory Classes and Impact of Social Smoking Identity in Two Cohorts of U.S. Young Adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Smokers Are More Likely to Smoke More after the COVID-19 California Lockdown Order

Smokers Are More Likely to Smoke More after the COVID-19 California Lockdown Order

Latent Classes of Nicotine Beliefs Correlate with Perceived Susceptibility and Severity of Nicotine and Tobacco Products in US Young Adults

Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults: the Concept of Prevescalation

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