Smoking produces rapid rise of [11C]nicotine in human brain

Berridge, Marc S.; Apana, Scott M.; Nagano, Kenichi K.; Berridge, Catherine E.; Leisure, Gregory P.; Boswell, Mark V.

doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1809-8

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…47,48 These data are consistent with a large body of evidence suggesting that rapid delivery of drugs leads to increased addictive symptomatology than slower delivery. [49][50][51] However, e-cigarettes are likely to evolve into more rapid nicotine delivery systems as product design is improved, as we have already seen in comparisons between first and second generation e-cigarettes. 47,52 E-cigarettes were further rated as less likely to cause a negative social impression and as more similar to cigarettes than NRT in enhancing social experiences.…”

Section: E-cigarettes Versus Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectancies for Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapies Among E-Cigarette Users (aka Vapers)

Harrell

Marquinez

Correa

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Section: E-cigarettes Versus Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectancies for Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapies Among E-Cigarette Users (aka Vapers)

Harrell

Marquinez

Correa

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…Adding NH 4 Cl to the perfusate affects the pH i of cells by releasing freely diffusible NH 3 (Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Intracellular Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid transport of nicotine from the blood to the brain seems to be critical for its neurobiological effects (1,3). A positron emission tomography study of human subjects showed that the nicotine concentration in the brain reached 50% of its maximum within 15 s, illustrating how a rapid rise contributes to nicotine dependence in smokers (4). Nicotine must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain parenchyma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of Passive and Proton Antiporter-Mediated Processes in Nicotine Transport at the Mouse Blood–Brain Barrier

Cisternino

Chapy

André

et al. 2012

AAPS J

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Abstract. Nicotine, the main tobacco alkaloid leading to smoking dependence, rapidly crosses the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) to become concentrated in the brain. Recently, it has been shown that nicotine interacts with some organic cation transporters (OCT), but their influence at the BBB has not yet been assessed in vivo. In this study, we characterized the transport of nicotine at the mouse luminal BBB by in situ brain perfusion. Its influx was saturable and followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics (K m 02.60 mM, V max 037.60 nmol/s/g at pH 7.40). At its usual micromolar concentrations in the plasma, most (79%) of the net transport of nicotine at the BBB was carrier-mediated, while passive diffusion accounted for 21%. Studies on knockout mice showed that the OCT Oct1-3, P-gp, and Bcrp did not alter [3 H]-nicotine transport at the BBB. Neither did inhibiting the transporters Mate1, Octn, or Pmat. The in vivo manipulation of intracellular and/or extracellular pH, the chemical inhibition profile, and the transstimulation experiments demonstrated that the nicotine transporter at the BBB shared the properties of the clonidine/proton antiporter. The molecular features of this proton-coupled antiporter have not yet been identified, but it also transports diphenhydramine and tramadol and helps nicotine cross the BBB at a faster rate and to a greater extent. The pharmacological inhibition of this nicotine/proton antiporter could represent a new strategy to reduce nicotine uptake by the brain and thus help curb addiction to smoking.

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“…Hence, the goal of NRT is to slowly cutback on nicotine levels until cessation. This is different from when an individual administers nicotine through inhalation which reaches the brain in around 15 seconds and is metabolised quickly causing spikes in nicotine blood levels (35).…”

Section: Nicotine Replacement Therapymentioning

confidence: 91%

Smoking cessation during pregnancy and the potential role of exercise: A narrative review

Nagpal

Fagan

Prapavessis

2017

MRAJ

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Abstract:Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for maternal and fetal adverse events including gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome. It is recommended that clinicians should discuss and prescribe smoking cessation programs to pregnant patients. In this review, the effectiveness of potential interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are examined and compared to the potential of exercise-aided smoking cessation programs. There is limited research available to confidently conclude that CBT on its own is an effective approach to reducing smoking during pregnancy. NRT has shown some success in reducing the total number of cigarettes smoked however the low dose of nicotine made available through NRT still poses as a risk to the developing fetus. Exercise has shown to have an acute effect on decreasing cravings and withdrawal symptoms, however there is limited research conducted for long-term cessation programs. This review provides information regarding the current gaps in literature that need to be addressed in order to confidently determine the effect exercise may have on smoking cessation during pregnancy. Additionally, the role of physicians in promoting and prescribing exercise is discussed.

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Smoking produces rapid rise of [11C]nicotine in human brain

Abstract: Uptake in human brain from a single inhalation was sufficiently rapid that it is plausible that fast rate-of-rise contributes to nicotine dependence in smokers.

Cited by 83 publications

References 51 publications

Expectancies for Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapies Among E-Cigarette Users (aka Vapers)

Expectancies for Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapies Among E-Cigarette Users (aka Vapers)

Coexistence of Passive and Proton Antiporter-Mediated Processes in Nicotine Transport at the Mouse Blood–Brain Barrier

Smoking cessation during pregnancy and the potential role of exercise: A narrative review

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