Smoking pack years calculator

Masters, Nigel

doi:10.3399/bjgp20x709553

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…TNM stage was noted according to the guidelines of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, version 7.0. Information on current smoking habits and history of smoking was reported in pack-years (PY) ( Masters, 2018 ), with calculations for consumption of the smokeless tobacco “ toombak ” adjusted according to the average of manually prepared portions in Sudan ( Idris et al., 1995 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival

Mohamed

Litlekalsoy

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundMicrobial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation have emerged as important factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis during the last two decades. However, the “rare biosphere” of the oral microbiome, including fungi, has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to characterize the salivary mycobiome in a prospective Sudanese cohort of OSCC patients and to explore patterns of diversities associated with overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsUnstimulated saliva samples (n = 72) were collected from patients diagnosed with OSCC (n = 59) and from non-OSCC control volunteers (n = 13). DNA was extracted using a combined enzymatic–mechanical extraction protocol. The salivary mycobiome was assessed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methodology by amplifying the ITS2 region. The impact of the abundance of different fungal genera on the survival of OSCC patients was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses (SPPS).ResultsSixteen genera were identified exclusively in the saliva of OSCC patients. Candida, Malassezia, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, and Cyberlindnera were the most relatively abundant fungal genera in both groups and showed higher abundance in OSCC patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed higher salivary carriage of the Candida genus significantly associated with poor OS of OSCC patients (Breslow test: p = 0.043). In contrast, the higher salivary carriage of Malassezia showed a significant association with favorable OS in OSCC patients (Breslow test: p = 0.039). The Cox proportional hazards multiple regression model was applied to adjust the salivary carriage of both Candida and Malassezia according to age (p = 0.029) and identified the genus Malassezia as an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio = 0.383, 95% CI = 0.16–0.93, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe fungal compositional patterns in saliva from OSCC patients were different from those of individuals without OSCC. The fungal genus Malassezia was identified as a putative prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival

Mohamed

Litlekalsoy

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…91 were ex-smokers and had ceased smoking for > 1 year and had a > 5 pack year smoking history. Smoking pack years were calculated using a webbased calculator [15]. 16 were healthy controls (never smokers who had never smoked or smoked < 100 cigarettes in their lifetime).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean muscle mass and bone mineral content are predictors of lung function in ex-smokers with or without COPD

Smart¹,

McDonald²,

Gibson³

et al. 2019

Pulm Crit Care Med

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Objectives: To examine body composition in relation to lung function, inflammation and physical activity in ex-smokers with or without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).Methods: One hundered and seven (107) adults, ≥ 35 years (16 never smokers, 68 ex-smokers without COPD, 23 ex-smokers with COPD) were recruited. Body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), spirometry, airway (sputum cell counts) inflammation, systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, leptin), physical activity and quality of life were assessed. Partial correlation, linear and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of lung function and associations with body composition.Results: Lean muscle mass (LMM) and bone mineral content (BMC) were positively associated with FEV 1 (r = 0.447, p < 0.001 and r = 0.335, p < 0.01 respectively) and FVC (r = 0.507, p < 0.001 and r = 0.234, p < 0.05 respectively). Fat mass was negatively associated with FEV 1 (r = -0.443, p < 0.001) and FVC (r = -0.518, p < 0.001). CRP, IL-6 and leptin were negatively associated with FEV 1 and FVC. In multiple regression models, LMM and BMC remained significant predictors of FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 1 /FVC. Discussion: LMM and BMC are positively associated with lung function in ex-smokers. Physical activity and systemic inflammation were negatively associated with body composition. Strategies improving exercise capacity and reducing systemic inflammation may improve body composition and outcomes in ex-smokers.

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“… 27 For this, the online Smoking Pack Years Calculator, created by Dr N J Masters and C Tutt, will be used. 28 …”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol: efficacy of oral alitretinoin versus oral cyclosporine A in patients with severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema (ALICsA): a randomised prospective open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment

Oosterhaven

Schuttelaar

2018

BMJ Open

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IntroductionSystemic treatment with alitretinoin is registered for all clinical types of severe chronic hand eczema. However, it is especially effective in the hyperkeratotic subtype and less effective in non-hyperkeratotic forms. Cyclosporine A (cyclosporine) is prescribed for hand eczema in daily practice as well. It has shown to be particularly effective in patients with vesicular hand eczema. The primary objective of this study is to compare efficacy of alitretinoin and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema.Methods and analysisThis is an investigator-initiated randomised prospective open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment. Severity assessments and laboratory measurements will be conducted corresponding to daily practice. The study population will consist of 72 adult patients (age 18–75 years) with severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema. Patients are treated with either (group I) alitretinoin 30 mg once daily or (group II) cyclosporine with a starting dose of 5 mg/kg/day and a decrease in dosage after 8 weeks to 3–3.5 mg/kg/day. The treatment period is 24 weeks for both drugs. Primary endpoint for efficacy is response to treatment, defined as an improvement of ≥2 steps on a Physician Global Assessment, using a validated Photoguide, after 24 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints are improvement of Hand Eczema Severity Index, Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire and a Patient Global Assessment. Adverse events and time to response will be registered. Furthermore, cost-utility, quality-adjusted life years and cost-effectiveness will be assessed with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire while monitoring costs.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethical Review Board of the University Medical Centre Groningen (reference METc 2015/375). The study will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, in accordance with the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act.Trial registration numberNCT03026946; Pre-results.

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Smoking pack years calculator

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival

Lean muscle mass and bone mineral content are predictors of lung function in ex-smokers with or without COPD

Study protocol: efficacy of oral alitretinoin versus oral cyclosporine A in patients with severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema (ALICsA): a randomised prospective open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment

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