Smoking May Affect the Alveolar Process Dimensions and Radiographic Bone Density in Maxillary Extraction Sites: A Prospective Study in Humans

Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post‐extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review

“…It is one of the most cytotoxic and vasoactive substance. Based on observations by Saldanha et al (2006), one may expect 0.5 mm more bone crest reduction following tooth extraction in smokers than in non‐smokers.…”

Wound healing of extraction sockets

“…According to the results of a 6‐month prospective study , smoking may negatively affect the extent of the dimensional reduction occurring after tooth extraction. Based on their observations, an additional reduction of 0.5 mm in bone height may be expected following tooth extraction in smokers compared to non‐smokers.…”

Strategies for alveolar ridge reconstruction and preservation for implant therapy

“…The horizontal bone resorption change was 29-63% and the vertical change was 11-12% at 6 months [4]. Factors affecting dimensional change after tooth extraction include a flap or flapless status [5,6], smoking [7], single-rooted tooth or multiple-rooted tooth [8], and immediate denture [9]. In contrast, a study on three-dimensional ridge alteration in the esthetic zone after tooth extraction using CBCT showed that the median vertical bone loss in the central sites of the buccal bone wall was 5.2 mm (48.3%) at 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the median horizontal bone loss was 0.3 mm (3.8%), suggesting larger vertical bone resorption.…”