Smoking Is Associated With Reduced Cortical Regional Gray Matter Density in Brain Regions Associated With Incipient Alzheimer Disease

Almeida, Osvaldo P.; Garrido, Griselda J.; Lautenschlager, Nicola T.; Hulse, Gary Kenneth; Jamrozik, Konrad; Flicker, Leon

doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318157cad2

Cited by 136 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…From the mechanistic viewpoint, it has been reported that nicotine exacerbates tau phosphorylation both in mouse and rat models of AD 26,27 . In addition, it has also been described that smoking can directly induce cognitive impairment 28,29 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Moreno-González

Estrada²,

Sánchez-Mejías

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Moreno-González

Estrada²,

Sánchez-Mejías

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

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“…Chinese chronic smokers have a smaller gray matter volume in the cerebellum on both sides of the brain [55], while western smokers only have decreased volume in the right cerebellum [18]. Another study on Chinese chronic smokers found a reduced gray matter volume in the left thalamus [56], while a study on western smokers found a decrement in the right thalamus [57]. These findings suggest a western-eastern difference in the lateralization pattern.…”

Section: Cultural Differencesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Potential and Challenges

Yang

Zhang

2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. However, it is difficult to give up smoking by relying on the help of traditional treatments only. Recent years have witnessed emerging positive evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation, can reduce smoking-related behaviors. Although their potential has been implied by advances in research, several methodological issues restrict the clinical application of NIBS to treating nicotine dependence. In this review, we critically evaluate related studies and give suggestions for future research and applications to meet these challenges.

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“…Furthermore, and contrary to early case-control studies which suggested that smoking protects against AD, recent prospective studies have shown that elderly who smoke may be at increased risk for dementia. In the recent observational study done by Almeida and colleagues, 49 smoking was found to be associated with reduced cortical regional gray matter density in brain regions associated with AD. Anstey and colleagues 50 assessed the association of smoking with dementia and cognitive decline in a metaanalysis of 19 prospective studies with at least 12 months of follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive impairment after cerebrovascular stroke: Relationship to vascular risk factors

Hamed¹

2009

NDT

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Background: Cognitive decline after cerebrovascular stroke has adverse outcome consequences. Since some vascular causes can be prevented and treated, the identifi cation of stroke-related cognitive impairment is a challenge. Patients with cognitive impairment and vascular diseases exhibit higher homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. Whether Hcy is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after stoke is still in question. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the relative frequency of fi rst-ever post-stroke dementia (PSD) (three months after onset) in a consecutive sample of our population, 2) the risk factors associated with PSD, and 3) the relationship between Hcy levels and PSD. Methods: Eighty-one inpatients with fi rst-ever stroke were prospectively evaluated with a neuropsychological battery and event-related evoked potentials (P300) at onset and then after three months. A wide range of demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory variables were examined. PSD was diagnosed if the clinical presentation fulfi lled DSM-IV criteria of vascular dementia, the patient scored Յ21 on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Յ67 points on Cognitive Abilities Screening Instruments (CASI). Results: PSD was diagnosed in 21%. PSD was signifi cantly associated with increasing age, low levels of education, large sized and lacunar infarctions, severity of stroke, prolonged P300 latency, smoking, hypertension, and elevated Hcy levels. High Hcy levels increased the odds ratio of PSD after adjustment of signifi cantly relevant variables including age, smoking, size of infarction, and carotid stenosis. Conclusions: Cognitive decline is common after stroke. The results of this study indicate that PSD may result from stroke and its related risk factors including possible direct association with high Hcy levels. Better knowledge of the risk factors for PSD should increase the effectiveness of preventive strategies in patients with this condition.

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Smoking Is Associated With Reduced Cortical Regional Gray Matter Density in Brain Regions Associated With Incipient Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 136 publications

References 38 publications

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Potential and Challenges

Cognitive impairment after cerebrovascular stroke: Relationship to vascular risk factors

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