Smoking is associated with first‐ever incidence of mental disorders: a prospective population‐based study

Abstract

Aims It is well established that tobacco use is associated with mental disorders. However, the association between tobacco use and mental disorders has not yet been examined sufficiently in prospective, population-based studies. The current study is aimed at examining whether smoking is associated with first-ever incidence of mental disorders. Design, setting and participants We conducted a prospective, population-based epidemiological study (the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study: NEMESIS) in which a representative sample of adults aged 18-64 years (n = 7076) were interviewed to establish the presence of a broad range of mental disorders. We re-interviewed them at 1 year (n = 5618; response 79.4%) and 3 years (n = 4796; 67.8%) after baseline.

Psychoactive substance use and perception of mental health status in inmates of two Portuguese prisons

“…However, other studies have concluded the opposite: substance abuse is associated with worse mental health, following epidemiological or clinical diagnostic criteria (Cuijpers, Smit, Have, & de Graaf, 2007;Farrell et al, 2003;Martínez-Ortega, Jurado, Martínez-González, & Gurpegui, 2006;Regier et al, 1990). However, an important difference between those studies and the present one is that the mental health was self-rated by the prisoners in the current study.…”

Social Anxiety Disorder and Its Correlates among Female Students at Taif University, Saudi Arabia

“…Several studies report that individuals with high anxiety are more likely to smoke [58,61,62,63]. Many factors were accused in this association such as the use of cigarettes as a self-treatment to reduce anxiety and the increased effect of peer pressure in those suffering from anxiety [64,65].…”

“…Many factors were accused in this association such as the use of cigarettes as a self-treatment to reduce anxiety and the increased effect of peer pressure in those suffering from anxiety [64,65]. Moreover, many studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of developing high anxiety [62,66,67], 66,67] this link may be due to the effects of smoking on neurotransmitters, neurobiology, respiratory health and autonomic control [68] and due to the impact on normal neurodevelopment [69]. Finally, many shared risk factors have been identified that can increase the probability of both smoking and anxiety such as low socio economic status [70,71,73].…”

Smoking by people with mental illness and benefits of smoke-free mental health services

“…However, smoking is associated not only with the prevalence but also with first-ever incidence of mental disorders (Cuijpers et al, 2007). In a prospective, population-based epidemiological study, people who smoked but had no history of mental disorder had an increased risk of developing such a disorder; this risk remained significant after correcting for major risk indicators of mental disorders (incidence rate ratio RR = 1.56, P<0.05).…”