2010
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1340-0
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Smoking is a strong risk factor for non-vertebral fractures in women with diabetes: the Tromsø Study

Abstract: We conclude that smoking is strongly related to fracture risk in postmenopausal women with self-reported diabetes.

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Cited by 16 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 30 publications
(32 reference statements)
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“…The majority of older people in China are retired, so they have more time to participate in physical activity and they lack work stress. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating vegetables and fruit on a daily basis were not significantly associated with diabetes, which is not in agreement with the results of some previous studies [15,37–39].…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 96%
“…The majority of older people in China are retired, so they have more time to participate in physical activity and they lack work stress. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating vegetables and fruit on a daily basis were not significantly associated with diabetes, which is not in agreement with the results of some previous studies [15,37–39].…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 96%
“…The overall characteristics of these studies were as follows: 12 studies were conducted in both sexes: 2 studies in females only [ 61 , 71 ] and 2 studies in males only [ 62 , 70 ]; 12 studies were cohort studies; 3 obtained data or samples from large-scale longitudinal studies; all studies used self-report to assess smoking habits with the exception of one study that assessed levels of cotinine [ 67 ]. Table 3 provides comprehensive details on studies which examined the prevalence of fracture in smokers, the association between smoking and fracture risk, fracture healing, the biological mechanism of fracture in smokers, and the interaction of smoking and other fracture risks.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After assessing the full-text of the 21 potentially relevant articles, 10 publications met the inclusion criteria [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The main reasons for exclusion were as follows: one paper was duplicate report of another paper from the same study so the older one was excluded [5,30]; one study was excluded because data reported as odds ratios (OR) [22], and the combination of OR and RR can result in misinterpretation of results [31]; two articles were excluded because association between cigarette smoking and hip fracture was not presented [32,33]; five articles were excluded because exposure or endpoint was not relevant [12,[34][35][36][37]; two articles Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.…”
Section: Literature Searchmentioning
confidence: 99%