Smoking influences the immunological architecture of the human larynx

Rees, Len; Jones, Philip H.; Ayoub, Omar; Gunasekaran, S.; Rajkumar, K; Stokes, Christopher; Haverson, Karin; Bailey, Mick; Birchall, Martin A.

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2005.10.015

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…No differences in numbers of B cells between patients with LPR and control subjects were found, confirming our earlier observation that B cells are almost entirely confined to the lamina propria (9). Similarly, there was no change in the expression of neutrophil, eosinophil, or monocytic lineage markers with reflux.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Five-micrometer frozen tissue sections were subjected to two-or threestep multiple-color immunofluorescence as previously described (8)(9)(10)(18)(19)(20). See Table E1 of the online supplement for details of antibodies used.…”

Section: Quantitative Multiple-color Immunofluorescence Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are occasional highly organized lymphoid collections, similar to Peyer's patches (larynxassociated lymphoid tissue) (2,7), although, as with the bowel (11), more than 90% of immune cells are diffusely distributed throughout the epithelium and lamina propria (8,9). Environmental challenges alter laryngeal immunology: exposure of rat larynxes to viruses increases numbers of mucosal dendritic cells (4), whereas we have shown previously that the laryngeal mucosa of smokers contains more CD4 1 T cells (9). Also, patients who have had a laryngectomy suffer increased chest and other infections, which could be partly due to the loss of laryngeal immune responses (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Mucosal Immune Response to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Rees¹,

Pazmany²,

Gutowska-Owsiak³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) affects up to 20% of Western populations. Although individual morbidity is usually moderate, treatment costs are high and there are associations with other diseases, including laryngeal cancer. To date, there have been no studies of the mucosal immune response to this common inflammatory disease. Objectives: To determine the mucosal immune response to LPR. Methods: We performed a prospective immunologic study of laryngeal biopsies from patients with LPR and control subjects (n 5 12 and 11, respectively), and of primary laryngeal epithelial cells in vitro. Measurements and Main Results: Quantitative multiple-color immunofluorescence, using antibodies for lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD3, CD79, CD161), granulocytes (CD68, EMBP), monocytic cells (CD68, major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II), and classical and nonclassical MHC (I, II, b 2 -microglobulin, CD1d). Univariate and multivariate analysis and colocalization measurements were applied. There was an increase in percentage area of mucosal CD8 1 cells in the epithelium (P , 0.005), whereas other leukocyte and granulocyte antigens were unchanged. Although epithelial MHC class I and II expression was unchanged by reflux, expression of the nonclassical MHC molecule CD1d increased (P , 0.05, luminal layers). In vitro, laryngeal epithelial cells constitutively expressed CD1d. CD1d and MHC I expression were inversely related in all subjects, in a pattern which appears to be unique to the upper airway. Colocalization of natural killer T (NKT) cells with CD1d increased in patients (P , 0.01). Conclusions: These data indicate a role for the CD1d-NKT cell axis in response to LPR in humans. This represents a useful target for novel diagnostics and treatments in this common condition.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Quantitative Multiple-color Immunofluorescence Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mucosal Immune Response to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Rees¹,

Pazmany²,

Gutowska-Owsiak³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…These structures are rare below the epiglottis18. However, similarly to the small intestine, more than 90% of immune cell population of the larynx is distributed in diffuse manner throughout the epithelium and lamina propria20. DC, NK cells and T- and B-cells are the most frequent in the subglottis and rarest in the vibratory vocal fold area while granulocytes and macrophages are evenly distributed throughout the whole laryngeal mucosa.…”

Section: Haemopoietic Cells In the Larynxmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the crossroads: mucosal immunology of the larynx

et al. 2009

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The larynx sits at the crossroads between gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Besides its intrinsic importance in breathing, swallowing and voice production, the larynx is also exposed to unique immunological challenges. Given the propensity of chronic inflammatory conditions such as chronic laryngitis, which affects up to 20% of Western populations, it is perhaps surprising that our understanding of the immunology of this organ remains relatively limited. However, recent work on the immunological architecture of the laryngeal mucosa, and its changes that result from external challenges and inflammatory conditions, provided valuable insight into the fascinating immunology of this organ. The lessons learnt from these investigations may go beyond devising improved therapy for chronic laryngeal inflammation. Establishing whether and how the laryngeal mucosa may be involved in the modulation of wider mucosal responses may provide novel routes to the treatment of other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory and alimentary tracts such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease.

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“…As the larynx sits at the junction of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, it is exposed to a wide range of incident challenges, and there is accumulating evidence that reXux [1,2], smoking [3], environmental pollutants and allergens [4,5] may all cause symptomatic disease. It is also colonised by a rich bacterial Xora [6,7], which may play both passive and active roles in mucosal physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What role do mucins have in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma? A systematic review

Sipaul

Birchall

Corfield

2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Mucins are the dominant component in the protective mucus layer on mucosal surfaces including the larynx. Hence, they are part of the first line of defence against external stimuli including effect of smoking in the larynx. We asked whether existing published evidence supported the hypothesis that alteration in mucins expression/production is related to the laryngeal neoplastic process. The objective of this study is to review published evidence for mucins having an important role in normal laryngeal physiology and the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We aimed to review all available literature on mucins in the larynx in order to develop hypotheses to be tested by future research. Thereby, new potential means of prevention and treatment of laryngeal cancer may be developed. A systematic search of all published literature was conducted. Systematic searches were done in the following databases: AMED, BNI, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE from their respective inception up to 11 February 2011. The following keywords were used in combination: mucin, larynx and squamous cell carcinoma. Altogether, 53 studies were identified; 43 studies were excluded following screening of the titles and abstracts. Full text manuscripts for ten studies were obtained for detailed evaluation and five studies were included in this review. No single study fulfilled all relevant criteria. Based on the included studies, we now know that MUC1 is definitely expressed in SCC larynx. However, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that MUC1 and MUC2 are aberrantly expressed in SCC larynx as compared to normal larynx. Further studies using the best available detection technique to detect MUC1, MUC2 and other possible relevant mucins i.e., MUC4 on adequate numbers of normal and SCC specimens are needed to confirm the findings of this review.

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Smoking influences the immunological architecture of the human larynx

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

The Mucosal Immune Response to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

The Mucosal Immune Response to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

At the crossroads: mucosal immunology of the larynx

What role do mucins have in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma? A systematic review

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