Smoking induces insulin resistance—a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome

Attvall, Stig; Fowelin, J.; Lager, I; Schenck, H von; Smith, Ulf

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00680.x

Cited by 332 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…26 Norto Kawakami et al observed that the increase in NIDDM risk related to number of cigarettes smoked per day was modest when the number of cigarettes smoked per day was greater than 25. A similar pattern was observed by Attvall S et al 35 The authors suggested that smoking a certain number of cigarettes per day is sufficient for developing NIDDM and there is no further increase in risk beyond that amount. Similar "saturated" effects of number of cigarettes smoked per day have been reported from studies of smoking and serum lipoprotein disturbances and smoking and plasma fibrinogen levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…34 In 1993 Attval et Al showed that smoking impaired insulin sensitivity and acutely impaired insulin action in otherwise healthy subjects. 35 In our study mean HbA1c values show an increasing trend with increasing age in both smokers (cases) and non-smokers (controls). While this can be attributed (even if, partially) to the effects of smoking in smokers (cases) the same cannot be said from the observed increase in non-smokers (controls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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A Study of HbA1c, fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose levels in current smokers presenting at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Verma

2018

Int J Adv Med

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Background: There is a concern that smokers are at increased risk of diabetes and this association has received surprisingly little attention. This study aims to study the relationship of smoking with three glycaemic variables (HbA1c, fasting and 2 hour post prandial plasma glucose levels) in current smokers and describe the potential impact of smoking in the context of screening for diabetes by using one of these glycaemic variables.Methods: 150 patients attending the OPD of Santosh Medical College were part of this Cross sectional population based study. One hundred were smokers and fifty non-smokers and non-diabetics. All participants were subjected to fasting plasma glucose level, 2 hour plasma glucose level and HbA1c testing.Results: Mean values of all three variables are substantially higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. HbA1c levels show an increasing trend with increasing age among both groups. Mean plasma glucose levels show increasing values with increasing age but the trend is not uniform. Among females, only HbA1c levels whereas among males all three variables show a strong correlation with smoking. No correlation was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked daily or smoking index and the glycaemic variables. All variables show an increasing trend as the number of years of smoking increases.Conclusions: A higher prevalence of diabetes is seen in current smokers when we consider HbA1c levels indicating the beneficial effect of using HbA1c levels for identifying current smokers at risk of diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A Study of HbA1c, fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose levels in current smokers presenting at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Verma

2018

Int J Adv Med

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“…Cigarette smoking is another potential confounder since it may cause acute insulin resistance (Attvall et al 1993;Frati et al 1996). Intake of dietary RS on the day before a meal challenge may improve glucose tolerance (Robertson et al 2002).…”

Section: Subject Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic index methodology

et al. 2005

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The glycaemic index (GI) concept was originally introduced to classify different sources of carbohydrate (CHO)-rich foods, usually having an energy content of . 80 % from CHO, to their effect on post-meal glycaemia. It was assumed to apply to foods that primarily deliver available CHO, causing hyperglycaemia. Low-GI foods were classified as being digested and absorbed slowly and high-GI foods as being rapidly digested and absorbed, resulting in different glycaemic responses. Low-GI foods were found to induce benefits on certain risk factors for CVD and diabetes. Accordingly it has been proposed that GI classification of foods and drinks could be useful to help consumers make 'healthy food choices' within specific food groups. Classification of foods according to their impact on blood glucose responses requires a standardised way of measuring such responses. The present review discusses the most relevant methodological considerations and highlights specific recommendations regarding number of subjects, sex, subject status, inclusion and exclusion criteria, pre-test conditions, CHO test dose, blood sampling procedures, sampling times, test randomisation and calculation of glycaemic response area under the curve. All together, these technical recommendations will help to implement or reinforce measurement of GI in laboratories and help to ensure quality of results. Since there is current international interest in alternative ways of expressing glycaemic responses to foods, some of these methods are discussed.

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“…It seems possible that the pronounced increase of ACTII and cortisol after smoking may in fact contribute to the distribution of body fat to visceral depots, particularly since women with an elevated WHR often smoke (12). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that smokers often are insulin resistant (1,16). The elevation of cortisol and ACTH shown in this report and previously (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)15,17,20) might provide an explanation to these findings, because both these hormones are well known to be followed by insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Smoking on Hormone Secretion in Obese and Lean Female Smokers

et al. 1996

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SZOSTAK-WEGIEREK, DOROTA, PER BJORNTORP, PER MARIN, GORAN LINDSTEDT AND BJORN ANDERSSON~Influence of smoking on hormone secretion in obese and lean female smokers. Ohes Res. 1996;4:321-328. Smoking exerts influences on the secretion of several hormones which are abnormal in obesity. Previous studies have mainly been performed in non-obese men, and data from non-obese and obese women are scarce. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify the effect of smoking on hormone secretions in obese and lean female smokers.The study was performed in 10 obese and 8 lean, premenopausal, healthy smokers. All subjects were tested once under experimental and once under control conditions (not smoking) in randomized order. The women smoked two non-filtered cigarettes during 4 minutes each. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured 30 minutes before smoking, at. the start of smoking (time 0) and then after 5, 10,20,30, 45 and 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken for determination of serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at the same time points except at 5 minutes.Heart rate rose in both groups during smoking. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was increased only in the obese subjects. Cortisol and ACTH increased in both groups, while TSH, PRL and GH were unchanged in both groups. We conclude that lean and obese smoking women seem to respond rather similarly to smoking in the hemodynamic and endocrine variables measured in this report with the possible exception of blood pressure where the obese women tended to show more pronounced increases.

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Smoking induces insulin resistance—a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome

Abstract: Smoking (also in habitual smokers) acutely impairs insulin action and leads to insulin resistance. Thus, smoking can be of importance for the development of the insulin resistance syndrome associated with risk for cardiovascular disease.

Cited by 332 publications

References 19 publications

A Study of HbA1c, fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose levels in current smokers presenting at a tertiary care hospital in North India

A Study of HbA1c, fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose levels in current smokers presenting at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Glycaemic index methodology

Influence of Smoking on Hormone Secretion in Obese and Lean Female Smokers

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