Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: Application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites

Kyerematen, Gabriel A.; Damiano, Michael D; Dvorchik, Barry H.; Vesell, Elliot S.

doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.235

Cited by 126 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…17 In our study, the tW2 in never-smokers exposed to ETS under strictly controlled conditions was significantly longer than that seen for smokers. In most cases, the peak cotinine levels for smokers were much higher than in the ETSexposed subjects, but no relation existed between peak cotinine levels and the tV2A for cotinine excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

Haley¹,

Sepkovic²,

Hoffmann³

1989

Am J Public Health

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We have evaluated differences in the elimination of cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite, in smokers who quit smoking and never-smokers who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) under controlled conditions. The mean biological half-life of cotinine in urine, collected from the nine smokers was 16.5 ± 1.2 h, in never-smokers exposed to ETS, 27.3 ± 1.9 h. Differences in the mode of uptake and absorption of nicotine and possible differences in nicotine metabolism may play roles in the clearance rate differences between smokers and nonsmokers. (Am J Public Health 1989; 79:1046-1048.) IntroductionThe elimination of nicotine, by smokers, users of other tobacco products, and by nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a variable metabolic process.'3 In a previous study, we observed that cotinine elimination in nonsmokers exposed to ETS tended to take longer than that seen in active smokers who quit smoking.4 The slower clearance in nonsmokers of a terminal nicotine metabolite suggested that other tobacco smoke constituents or their metabolites might also remain in the bodies of nonsmokers for longer time periods.Differences in the induction of hepatic and possibly pulmonary enzymes can play a role in the diverse metabolic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

Haley¹,

Sepkovic²,

Hoffmann³

1989

Am J Public Health

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“…This question was not considered in two further recent kinetic studies based on intravenous administration of nicotine. Moreover, the terminal plasma half-life of nicotine was somewhat different in these studies, averaging 0.8 h in one (Kyerematen et al, 1982) (Benowitz et al, 1982), but in the former case calculations were based on a less precise onecompartment model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine pharmacokinetics and its application to intake from smoking.

Feyerabend¹,

Rm²,

Russel³

1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

154

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1 Five subjects were given 25 ,ug/kg nicotine intravenously over 1 min, before and after a loading period involving the smoking of six cigarettes. 2 Plasma nicotine concentrations declined in a biphasic manner, the half-lives of the initial and terminal phases averaging 9 min and 133 min respectively. 3 Terminal half-lives before and after the loading period were essentially the same suggesting the absence of saturation kinetics at nicotine concentrations that build up during smoking. 4 The plasma clearance of nicotine and the volume of distribution were very high averaging 915 ml/min and 173 1, respectively. 5 Two approaches were used to calculate the nicotine intake from smoking. The average dose of nicotine absorbed from one cigarette was 1.06 mg which was 82% of the standard machine-smoked yield of 1.3 mg. 6 To illustrate their potential use in 'nicotine titration' studies, these approaches were used to compare nicotine intake from smoking a high (2.4 mg) and low (0.6 mg) nicotine cigarette. The dose of nicotine absorbed averaged 1.14 mg and 0.86 mg per cigarette respectively, being 48% and 143% of the machine-smoked yields.

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“…The pharmacokinetics of nicotine as well as cotinine have been extensively studied in serum of smokers during the past few years (Benowitz et al, 1982;Isaac & Rand, 1972;Kyerematen et al, 1982Kyerematen et al, , 1983Langone & van Vunakis, 1975;Russell & Feyerabend, 1978). To gain detailed information on nicotine and cotinine concentrations in milk of nursing smokers we have investi-9 gated both the extent of transfer of nicotine and cotinine from serum into milk and have compared the half-lives of nicotine and cotinine in milk with corresponding half-lives in serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers.

Luck¹,

Nau²

1984

Brit J Clinical Pharma

147

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Analysis of 44 milk samples from 23 nursing smokers revealed that there was a linear correlation between nicotine concentrations in serum and in milk (r = 0.70). The nicotine concentrations in milk were considerably higher than the corresponding serum concentrations: milk/serum concentration ratio = 2.92 +/‐ 1.09; (n = 44). There was also a linear correlation between the cotinine concentrations in serum and in milk (r = 0.89). The cotinine concentrations in milk were lower than the corresponding serum concentrations: milk/serum concentration ratio = 0.78 +/‐ 0.19; (n = 44). The direct comparison between the half‐ lives of nicotine in serum and in milk was possible in five nursing smokers. The half‐life of nicotine in milk was determined in four additional smoking mothers. The half‐life of nicotine in milk t 1/2 = 97 +/‐ 20 min slightly exceeded the half‐life of nicotine in serum t 1/2 = 81 +/‐ 9 min; the difference between these two values was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Cotinine concentrations remained fairly consistent during a 4 h interval without smoking.

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Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: Application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites

Cited by 126 publications

References 8 publications

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

Nicotine pharmacokinetics and its application to intake from smoking.

Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers.

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