Smoking in China

Yang, Gonghuan; Fan, Lixin; Tan, Jian; Gao, Qi; Yi-fang, Zhang; Samet, Jonathan M.; Taylor, Carl E.; Becker, Karen; Xu, Jing

doi:10.1001/jama.282.13.1247

Cited by 526 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This finding matches participants' reported smoking behaviour: 71.8% of CCs said they never smoke (vs. 82.2% of ECs), approximating the rate for CCs in Quebec 32 and lower than the overall Canadian nonsmoking rate, 33 although higher than the non-smoking rate in China. 34 Canadian immigration criteria that favour healthy people 35 who are less likely to smoke may explain differences from rates in China.…”

Section: Discussion Stroke-related Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke-Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviours of Chinese and European Canadians: Implications for Physical Therapists

Jongbloed²,

Dean

2014

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: To improve cross-cultural health education on risk-reducing behaviour change by examining the stroke-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours of Chinese Canadians (CCs). Methods: Participants (103 first-generation CCs and 101 European Canadians [ECs] representing the dominant cultural group in Canada) completed a cross-sectional questionnaire about knowledge, health behaviours, and beliefs related to stroke. Results: Compared with ECs, CCs were less aware of risk factors, warning signs, and appropriate responses to stroke in others. Information sources about stroke included mass media, family, and friends. CCs were less likely to smoke and drink alcohol but were also less likely to be physically active or to participate in structured exercise, less likely to have a healthy diet, and more likely to report stress. Conclusions: Theoretical dimensions of culture may explain variations in stroke-related knowledge, behaviours, and beliefs between CCs and ECs. Awareness of cultural differences can help physical therapists evaluate clients and appropriately tailor lifestyle-related health education.

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Section: Discussion Stroke-related Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke-Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviours of Chinese and European Canadians: Implications for Physical Therapists

Jongbloed²,

Dean

2014

Physiotherapy Canada

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“…Smokers were defined as smoking at least 1 cigarette a day and with a continuous smoking duration of more than half a year [13]. A family history of CAD was defined as having a first-degree relative with myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, or death due to CVD; this information was reported by the patient [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum FGF21 Is Associated with Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cardiology

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Objectives: To investigate whether serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels can be used to predict the future development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods: This study included 253 patients who received subsequent follow-up, and complete data were collected for 234 patients. Independent predictors of MACEs were identified by using the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. The prognostic value of FGF21 levels for MACEs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Of 229 patients finally enrolled in the analysis, 27/60 without coronary artery disease (CAD) at baseline experienced a MACE, and 132/169 patients with CAD at baseline experienced a MACE. Among patients with CAD at baseline, serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in patients with MACEs (p < 0.05) than in patients without MACEs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed patients with a higher serum FGF21 had a significantly lower event-free survival (p = 0.001) than those with a lower level. Further Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, including the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, showed that serum FGF21 was an independent predictor of MACE occurrence. Conclusions: In patients with CAD at baseline, an elevated serum FGF21 level was associated with the development of a MACE in the future.

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“…Among adult males, agriculture workers had higher smoking prevalence than males working in other occupations with over 60% of them smoke [3]. While smoking prevalence among rural residents has been monitored periodically [4, 5, 8], few studies have examined the smoking and cessation behavior of the rural residents, and even fewer studies have conducted among rural villagers. Furthermore, existing studies of rural residents mostly are quantitative studies using questionnaires [6, 9–11], with a few exceptions [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundSmoking prevalence is high in China and even higher among rural residents. The aims of this study were: 1) to gain insights into the motivations of tobacco use and barriers to smoking cessation among rural village residents; 2) to understand the current tobacco control measures in the rural villages and barriers encountered or perceived for implementation.MethodsQualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were conducted of 59 rural villagers including 37 village residents, 10 village leaders and 12 village doctors in three counties in Shandong Province, China.ResultsSmoking initiation was most often out of curiosity when seeing others smoke, but pressure from cigarette sharing and gifting custom was the major barrier to smoking cessation. The most important reason for quitting successfully was a detrimental health problem. Although many attempted to quit at the advice of other family members, relapses were common and few were able to quit completely and for long-term unless accompanied by significant health issues. Although doctor’s advice to quit is effective, many doctors do not offer advice to all patients. There is a lack of true understanding of the harm of smoking and second-hand smoking among the villagers and a lack of access to and knowledge of effective smoking cessation tools among both smokers and village doctors. Tobacco control activities at villages were rare and infrequent.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the need to develop tobacco control measures that reflect the unique culture in rural China. Smoking cessation measures are not likely to achieve large scale effect unless the prevailing cigarette sharing and gifting custom is drastically changed. More educations of the hazards of smoking and second-hand smoking to village residents and educations of effective smoking cessation treatment to both village residents and healthcare providers are needed.

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Smoking in China

Abstract: The high rates of smoking in men found in this study signal an urgent need for smoking prevention and cessation efforts; tobacco control initiatives are needed to maintain or decrease the currently low smoking prevalence in women.

Cited by 526 publications

References 13 publications

Stroke-Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviours of Chinese and European Canadians: Implications for Physical Therapists

Stroke-Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviours of Chinese and European Canadians: Implications for Physical Therapists

Serum FGF21 Is Associated with Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province

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