Smoking Habits and Neuropeptides: Adiponectin, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Leptin Levels

Abstract

This study aimed to identify changes in the level of neuropeptides among current smokers, former smokers, and individuals who had never smoked, and how smoking habits affect obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Neuropeptide levels, anthropometric parameters, and metabolic syndrome diagnostic indices were determined among male workers; 117 of these had never smoked, whereas 58 and 198 were former and current smokers, respectively. The total sample comprised 373 male workers. The results obtained from anthropometric measurements showed that current smokers attained significantly lower body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and abdominal fat thickness values than former smokers and those who had never smoked. Current smokers’ eating habits proved worse than those of non-smokers and individuals who had never smoked. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neuropeptides in the case of former smokers was 23.6 ± 9.2 pg/ml, higher than that of current smokers (20.4 ± 6.1) and individuals who had never smoked (22.4 ± 5.8) (F = 6.520, p = 0.002). The level of adiponectin among former smokers was somewhat lower than that of current smokers, whereas leptin levels were higher among former smokers than current smokers; these results were not statistically significant. A relationship was found between adiponectin and triglyceride among non-smokers (odds ratio = 0.660, β value = −0.416, p < 0.01) and smokers (odds ratio = 0.827, β value = −0.190, p < 0.05). Further, waist circumference among non-smokers (odds ratio = 1.622, β value = 0.483, p < 0.001) and smokers (odds ratio = 1.895, β value = 0.639, p < 0.001) was associated with leptin. It was concluded that cigarette smoking leads to an imbalance of energy expenditure and appetite by changing the concentration of neuropeptides such as adiponectin, BDNF, leptin, and hsCRP, and influences food intake, body weight, the body mass index, blood pressure, and abdominal fat, which are risk factors for MetS and cardiovascular disease.

Adiponectin is Not Associated With Blood Pressure in Normotensives and Untreated Hypertensives With Normal Kidney Function

“…Independent reverse association between smoking and adiponectin was reported. 55 , 56 In our group we found that examinees that never smoked had borderline significantly higher adiponectin values than ex-smokers and current smokers, and observed a negative association with log adiponectin where every pack-year decreased adiponectin concentration for 1 mg/L. However, we were not able to confirm that smoking is an independent predictor of adiponectin concentration in normotensives and untreated, newly diagnosed hypertensives.…”

Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Plasma Catecholamine Metabolites in People with Major Depression: Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study

“…However, we could not compare above data, because the experiments were performed different time, age and genders were not matched, and also factors influence BDNF, MHPG, HVA were heterogeneous in the both group. For example, body mass index ( 27 ), smoking ( 28 ), and personality traits also influence serum BDNF levels ( 29 ). In short, the two groups have different back ground, respectively.…”

Correlation between adiponectin and hemorrhagic shock in mice

“…In addition, the level of ADPN progressively decreased with the extension of HS time and progressively increased after the recovery treatment of HS mice. Therefore, we hypothesize that a reduction in ADPN is involved in full-body pathophysiological changes after induction of HS (Kim et al, 2014;Lian et al, 2015;Safai et al, 2015). We found that ADPN could be used as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can instantly and effectively reverse HS and its concomitant pathophysiological changes in the body during post-shock recovery.…”