Smoking, Economics of

Sloan, Frank A.; Shah, Swikant

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375678-7.00313-8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, their earnings do not fully exhibit a proportional relationship to their clinical efforts. However, incomes of office-based physicians are mainly based on patient volumes, so they have a strong financial incentive to provide more outpatient services including self-treatment in order to reach target incomes [ 16 – 18 ]. This is consistent with our findings that office-based physicians had higher outpatient services and costs than hospital-based physicians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Service Utilization for Practicing Physicians: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPhysicians are considered to be the most informed consumers in the use of medical services since they have more information about diseases or medical technology. However, although plenty of researchers have suggested that different medical seeking behavior exists among physicians, very few empirical studies have been conducted to investigate differences in medical utilization between physicians and the general population.ObjectiveWe explored differences in the utilization of healthcare services between physicians and the general population using a population-based dataset.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsData for this study were sourced from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. We included 1426 physicians and 1426 sex- and age-matched comparison subjects.MethodsWe used Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests to explore differences in variables of healthcare resource utilization between physicians and comparison subjects. We further used Kruskal-Wallis tests to examine differences in variables of healthcare resource utilization between physician practice location and comparison subjects.ResultsWe found that physicians had significantly fewer outpatient visits (13.2 vs. 15.7, p<0.001) and significantly lower outpatient costs (US$477 vs. US$680, p<0.001) than comparison subjects. Furthermore, physicians had lower total health service costs than comparison subjects (US$643 vs. US$1066, p<0.001). This indicates that the mean total health service costs in the year 2010 was 1.66-fold greater for comparison subjects than for physicians. We also found that there were significant differences in the mean number of outpatient services (p<0.001), outpatient costs (p = 0.001), inpatients costs (p = 0.018), and total costs (p = 0.001) among office-based physicians, hospital-based physicians, and comparison subjects. Specifically, Scheffe contrast tests showed that office-based physicians had significantly more outpatient visits (19.3 vs.10.7, p<0.001) and significantly higher outpatient costs (US$656 vs. US$402, p<0.001) than hospital-based physicians.ConclusionsPhysicians had less healthcare utilization than comparison subjects. Furthermore, hospital-based physicians had higher inpatient costs and less outpatient services and costs than office-based physicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Service Utilization for Practicing Physicians: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2016

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“…Controlling for other effects, the literature increasingly touts GDP and health sector or general technology as the leading drivers of healthcare spending in most countries (Sloan and Hsieh, 2012;Sorenson et al, 2013). However, the conceptualization and improved measures of medical technology are still evolving (Okunade, 2004), and how medical technology drives rising healthcare cost is complex and sometimes conflicting (Weisbrod, 1991).…”

Section: Technology Proxy Measures Adjusted For 'Technology Hazards' mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real per capita healthcare expenditures among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have historically grown by more than 3% annually on average. In many of these countries, health now accounts for over 10% of total consumption (Chernew and Newhouse, 2012;Sloan and Hsieh, 2012). The excess growth of health spending over Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a persistent policy concern among OECD country governments, private insurers, and citizens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symposium Introduction: Papers on ‘Modeling National Health Expenditures’

Okunade

2016

Health Economics

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Significant contributions have been made since the World Health Organization published Brian Abel-Smith's pioneering comparative study of national health expenditures more than 50 years ago. There have been major advances in theories, model specifications, methodological approaches, and data structures. This introductory essay provides a historical context for this line of work, highlights four newly published studies that move health economics research forward, and indicates several important areas of challenging but potentially fruitful research to strengthen future contributions to the literature and make empirical findings more useful for evaluating health policy decisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Investment in healthcare, technological safety measures, safety and environment-protection regulation decrease risks and extend lives, yet increase the economic burden. 1 Thus, resource restrictions are expected, and countries will be forced to prioritize medical investments. 2 Associating human life with monetary value is psychologically difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness Threshold for Healthcare: Justification and Quantification

Yanovskiy

Levy

Shaki

et al. 2022

INQUIRY

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Every public health expenditure, including the one that saves lives or extends life expectancy of particular persons (target population), bears a cost. Although cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is routinely performed in health policy, ethical justification of CEA is rarely discussed. Also, there is neither consensus value nor even consensus method for determining cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) for life-extending measures. In this study, we performed ethical analysis of CEA by policy impact assessment based on connection of health and wealth (poorer people have statistically shorter life expectancies) and concluded that CEA is not only a practical but also an ethical necessity. To quantify CET, we used three independent methods: (1) literature survey of analyzing salaries in risky occupations, (2) utilizing Prospect Theory suggesting that people value their lives in monetary terms twice more than their lifetime earnings, and (3) literature survey of the U.S. current legal practice. To the best of our knowledge, nobody applied method (2) to determine CET. The three methods yielded rather similar results with CET about 1.0 ± 0.4 gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) per quality-adjusted life-year. Therefore, a sum of not higher than 140% GDPpc is statistically sufficient to “purchase” an additional year of life—or, alternatively, to “rob” one year of life if taken away. Therefore, 140% GDP per capita per quality-adjusted life-year should be considered as the upper limit of prudent and ethically justified expenditure on life extension programs.

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Smoking, Economics of

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Healthcare Service Utilization for Practicing Physicians: A Population-Based Study

Healthcare Service Utilization for Practicing Physicians: A Population-Based Study

Symposium Introduction: Papers on ‘Modeling National Health Expenditures’

Cost-Effectiveness Threshold for Healthcare: Justification and Quantification

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