Smoking Cessation—Progress, Barriers, and New Opportunities

Adams, Jerome

doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6647

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Tobacco use is one of the major public health concerns and it is the most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that 16 million adults are currently living with a smoking-related disease in the United States [1]. Cigarette smoking is the main source of tobacco consumption and it is also the most dangerous one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarette smoking is also related to a higher susceptibility to pulmonary bacterial and viral infections, inducing structural changes in the respiratory tract and a decrease in immune response. In fact previous studies have shown that smokers are twice more likely to contract influenza and have more severe symptoms than non-smokers [1]. Moreover, in the current era of a viral pandemic due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID- 19), despite the limited data available, smoking has been assumed to be possibly associated with adverse prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice

Giulietti

Filipponi

Rosettani

et al. 2020

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev

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Tobacco use is one of the major public health concerns and it is the most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking cessation reduces subsequent cardiovascular events and mortality. Smoking is a real chronic disorder characterized by the development of an addiction status mainly due to nicotine. This condition makes the smokers generally unable to quit smoking without help. Different strategies are available to treat smoking dependence that include both non-pharmacological (behavioral counselling) and pharmacological therapies. Currently, it is well accepted that smoking cessation drugs are effective and safe in real-world settings. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, bupropion and cytisine are the main pharmacological strategies available for smoking cessation. Their efficacy and safety have been proved even in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. Each of these drugs has peculiar characteristics and the clinician should customize the smoking cessation strategy based on currently available scientific evidence and patient's preference, paying particular attention to those patients having specific cardiovascular and psychiatric comorbidities. The present document aims to summarize the current viable pharmacological strategies for smoking cessation, also discussing the controversial issue regarding the use of alternative tobacco products, in order to provide useful practical indications to all physicians, mainly to those involved in cardiovascular prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice

Giulietti

Filipponi

Rosettani

et al. 2020

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The use of a non-randomized control group reduced the threat to external validity, which limits the value of randomized controlled trials. In this era of promoting a smoke-free environment, we advised smokers identified by the identification system to quit and assisted those willing to quit after assessment [ 15 ]. Preference-based allocation is the fundamental step in implementing shared decision-making [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recruited prediabetic smokers receiving medical care at two hospitals in northern and central Taiwan, where a systematic identification system was applied to classify the tobacco addiction status of every patient in the outpatient clinics [ 15 ]. This study invited identified current smokers to undergo screening tests between August 2013 and January 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Post-Cessation Weight-Control Coaching into Smoking Cessation Therapy to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk

et al. 2021

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Post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) facilitates short-term type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in prediabetic smokers in the absence of complementary measures. In this shared decision-making-based non-randomized controlled trial, prediabetic smokers joined the Fight Tobacco and Stay Fit (FIT2) program or received usual care. The 16-week FIT2 program combined smoking cessation therapy with individualized coaching in diet and physical activity strategies for PCWG restriction (NCT01926041 at ClinicalTrials.gov). During a mean follow-up period of 1316 days, 217 participants (36.8%) developed T2D, and 68 (11.5%) regressed to normoglycemia. In the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 589), the FIT2 program was associated with a reduced T2D risk (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.84) and a higher probability of regression to normoglycemia (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.04–3.53) compared with usual care. The post-program quitters were at lower T2D risk (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.92) and were more likely to regress to normoglycemia (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.01–3.30) compared with the controls in the time-varying analysis (n = 532). We demonstrated that the FIT2 program was negatively associated with long-term T2D risk and positively associated with the probability of regression to normoglycemia compared with usual care. To prevent T2D development, we recommend simultaneously promoting smoking abstinence and lifestyle coaching for PCWG restriction.

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“…Lower quit success and cessation treatment utilization is likely attributed to various factors including misinformation about the health benefits of quitting in older age and false beliefs that older adults are unwilling or unlikely to be successful quitting. In fact, there are substantial health benefits of quitting cigarettes across the lifespan (Adams, 2020) and evidence suggests older adults quit at comparable, or higher, rates in cessation treatment compared to those younger (Chen and Wu, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Older Age on Smoking Cessation Outcomes After Standard Advice to Quit

et al. 2023

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Older adults are a high priority population for smoking cessation. This study observed the influence of older age on the relationship between quitting predictors and cessation. Secondary analysis was conducted of a primary care trial of adults who smoke cigarettes randomized to standard advice to quit or advice plus 2 week supply of nicotine replacement therapy. Logistic regressions assessed interactions of age (<60 vs. ≥ 60 years) by predictors in relation to quit attempts and 6-month cessation controlling for treatment. Predicting quit attempts, there was an interaction of age by motivation ( p = .025) and trend of age by nicotine dependence ( p = .057). Predicting 6-month cessation, an interaction of age by motivation was observed ( p = .020) and a trend of age by dependence ( p = .067). For those with high nicotine dependence, older adults had less successful outcomes compared to younger counterparts. Yet among participants unmotivated to quit, older adults had more successful outcomes than those younger.

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Smoking Cessation—Progress, Barriers, and New Opportunities

Abstract: As the current report from the Surgeon General states, it is never too late to quit, and it is time to make death and disability related to smoking a thing of the past.VIEWPOINT Opinion 2470

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice

Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice

Incorporating Post-Cessation Weight-Control Coaching into Smoking Cessation Therapy to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk

The Impact of Older Age on Smoking Cessation Outcomes After Standard Advice to Quit

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