Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: combined long-term quit rates from the UK SCIMITAR trials programme

Gilbody, Simon; Peckham, Emily; Bailey, Della; Arundel, Catherine; Heron, Paul; Crosland, Suzanne; Fairhurst, Caroline; Hewitt, Catherine; Li, Jinshuo

doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.192

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…For example, smoking increased the risk of tooth loss by times and dental caries by more than 20%. (32) There is strong evidence to suggest that people with SMI are more likely to smoke and smoke heavily than the general population (12, 33), and our findings provide particular evidence of its harmful effect on oral health. Conversely, healthy lifestyle such as doing moderate physical every week and using dental floss every day was shown to reduce the chance of poor oral health by about 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…For example, people with diabetes and smokers may be at particular risk and therefore benefit from additional support and signposting around their oral health. There exist focused evidence-based smoking cessation programmes for people with SMI (33), which also require greater uptake across healthcare providers. Lastly, the effect of age on tooth loss, the number of missing teeth and DMFT score may suggest opportunities for early detection and intervention around oral health for younger people in an early phase of psychosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health inequality in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016

Kang

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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OBJECTIVETo explore whether people with severe mental illness (SMI) experience worse oral health compared to the general population, and the risk factors for poor oral health in people with SMI.METHODThis study used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016) including on self-rated oral health, ache in mouth, tooth loss, periodontitis stage, and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Candidate risk factors for poor oral health included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical health comorbidities, and dental hygiene behaviours. The authors used ordinal logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models to explore predictors of oral health outcomes.RESULTS53,348 cases were included in the analysis, including 718 people with SMI. In the fully adjusted model, people with SMI were more likely to suffer from tooth loss (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.75). In people with SMI, the risk factors identified for poor oral health outcomes were older age, white ethnicity, lower income, smoking history, and diabetes. Engaging in physical activity and daily use of dental floss were associated with better oral health outcomes.CONCLUSIONSPeople with SMI experience higher rates of tooth loss than the general population, and certain subgroups are particularly at risk. Having a healthy lifestyle such as performing regular physical exercise and flossing may lower the risk of poor oral health. These findings suggest opportunities for targeted prevention and early intervention strategies to mitigate adverse oral health outcomes.Significant outcomes (x3)People with severe mental illness were at 40% higher risk of tooth loss when compared to the general population.Older adults, smokers and people with diabetes were at particularly high risk of poor oral health.Physical exercise and daily use of dental floss were associated with better oral health outcomes.Limitations (x3)The number of cases with data on periodontal disease was limited.The study was cross-sectional so causation could not be inferred.The analysis used prescriptions of antipsychotic and mood stabilising medication as a proxy measure of severe mental illness, as clinical diagnoses were not available in the dataset.Data availability statementThe NHANES 1999-2016 data is available at CDC website: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm, and is accessible and free to download for everyone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health inequality in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016

Kang

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other studies suggested, however, lower rates of smoking cessation. [53] Regardless of these variation, such findings lend support to our proposed gain in life expectancy within the SMI population, if the effectiveness of current lifestyle interventions can be maintained or improved in the long-term.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 59%

Potential gains in life expectancy from reducing amenable mortality among people diagnosed with serious mental illness in the United Kingdom

et al. 2020

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“…The estimated prevalence of smoking among people with SMI is 50–80% worldwide, which is significantly higher than that in the general population, and people with SMI are also more likely to smoke heavily, considered as ≥30 cigarettes or 1.5 packs daily ( 83 – 85 ). The reported prevalence of smoking among patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in patients with bipolar disorder or depression ( 86 , 87 ).…”

Section: Cigarette Smoking As a Possible Modulator Of Covid-19 Severity Among Patients With Smimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated inflammation may predispose patients with serious mental illnesses to severe COVID‑19 (Review)

et al. 2021

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Genetic and nongenetic factors associated with an increased inflammatory response may mediate a link between severe coronavirus disease 2019 (coVid-19) and serious mental illness (SMi). However, systematic assessment of inflammatory response-related factors associated with SMI that could influence COVID-19 outcomes is lacking. In the present review, dietary patterns, smoking and the use of psychotropic medications are discussed as potential extrinsic risk factors and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) insertion/deletion (i/d) gene polymorphisms are considered as potential intrinsic risk factors. a genetics-based prediction model for SMi using ace-i/d genotyping is also proposed for use in patients experiencing severe coVid-19. Furthermore, the literature suggests that ace inhibitors may have protective effects against SMi or severe coVid-19, which is often linked to hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities. For this reason, we hypothesize that using these medications to treat patients with severe coVid-19 might yield improved outcomes, including in the context of SMi associated with coVid-19. Contents1. introduction 2. Psychotropic medications as possible modulators of coVid-19 severity with existing SMi 3. dietary factors as possible modulators of coVid-19 severity among patients with SMi 4. cigarette smoking as a possible modulator of coVid-19 severity among patients with SMi 5. ace polymorphisms 6. conclusion

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Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: combined long-term quit rates from the UK SCIMITAR trials programme

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Oral health inequality in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016

Oral health inequality in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016

Potential gains in life expectancy from reducing amenable mortality among people diagnosed with serious mental illness in the United Kingdom

Dysregulated inflammation may predispose patients with serious mental illnesses to severe COVID‑19 (Review)

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