Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment

Alexandridi, Foteini; Tsantila, S; Pepelassi, Eudoxie

doi:10.1111/adj.12568

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…The presence of plaque (based on the plaque control record) on individual tooth surfaces in the full mouth was assessed following the method of O'Leary et al [21], in which plaque retention in the dentogingival areas of the mesial, distal, facial, and lingual tooth surfaces is determined as a binary variable (YES or NO) recorded at visit 1, visit 3, and visit 4. A routine plaque disclosing agent was used at each clinical site.…”

Section: Other Dental Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, bleeding on probing (BOP), erythema, edema, and the inflammatory response associated with plaque accumulation have been shown to be less pronounced or delayed in smokers compared with those of never smokers [14][15][16][17][18]. Several studies have assessed the differences of periodontal parameters between smokers and former smokers, which clearly suggest that smoking cessation is beneficial for subjects undergoing therapy for chronic periodontitis [13,15,[19][20][21][22]. Only two prospective studies could be identified that followed smokers after smoking cessation [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Switching to the Tobacco Heating System Versus Continued Cigarette Smoking on Chronic Generalized Periodontitis Treatment Outcome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Study

Pouly¹,

Ng²,

Benzimra³

et al. 2021

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease and tooth loss, as shown in several clinical studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers. Although only a few longitudinal studies have assessed the outcome of periodontal disease after smoking cessation, they indicated that recovery after nonsurgical treatment was more successful in those who had quit smoking. As part of tobacco harm reduction strategies, substituting cigarettes with alternative, less harmful tobacco products is an approach complementary to cessation for smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. The Tobacco Heating System (THS), developed by Philip Morris International (commercialized as IQOS), is part of the heat-not-burn product category. The IQOS device electrically heats tobacco instead of burning it, at much lower temperatures than cigarettes, thereby producing substantially lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents, while providing the nicotine, taste, ritual, and a sensory experience that closely parallel those of cigarettes. Phillip Morris International has published the results from a broad clinical assessment program, which was established to scientifically substantiate the harm reduction potential of the THS among adult healthy smokers switching to the THS. The program is now progressing toward including adult smokers with smoking-related diseases. Objective The goal of this study is to demonstrate favorable changes of periodontal endpoints in response to mechanical periodontal therapy in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis who completely switched to THS use compared with continued cigarette smoking. Methods This is a randomized controlled two-arm parallel-group multicenter Japanese study conducted in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis who switch from cigarettes to THS compared with smokers continuing to smoke cigarettes for 6 months. The patients were treated with mechanical periodontal therapy as per standard of care in Japan. The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the beneficial effect of switching to THS use compared with continued cigarette smoking on pocket depth (PD) reduction in all sites with an initial PD≥4 mm. The secondary objectives include evaluation of other periodontal parameters (eg, clinical attachment level or gingival inflammation) and overall oral health status upon switching to THS. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Results In total, 172 subjects were randomized to the cigarette (n=86) or THS (n=86) groups, and all 172 completed the study. The conduct phase of the study is completed, while data cleaning and analyses are ongoing. Conclusions This study is the first to test a heat-not-burn tobacco product in smokers with an already established disease. The results should further strengthen the evidence that switching to THS can significantly reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases if favorable changes in the evolution of chronic generalized periodontitis after mechanical therapy are found when compared with continued cigarette smoking. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03364751; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03364751 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15350

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Section: Other Dental Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Switching to the Tobacco Heating System Versus Continued Cigarette Smoking on Chronic Generalized Periodontitis Treatment Outcome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Study

Pouly¹,

Ng²,

Benzimra³

et al. 2021

JMIR Res Protoc

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“…Smokers also respond less favorably than non smokers to periodontal treatment 22 . However, participating in cessation programs, not only will ameliorate their response to therapy, but will also reverse many tobacco effects on periodontal tissues 24 .…”

Section: ) Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could treating periodontitis prevent osteoporosis? An update of the last decade

Skoufou¹,

Yavropoulou²,

Zafeiris³

2019

JRPMS

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Periodontitis has often been reported as a systematic disease independently associated with a range of AbstractChronic periodontitis and osteoporosis are both systemic diseases, characterized by bone resorption. Over the last decade, their correlation has been examined closely, mainly to investigate whether they present a risk factor or an indicator for each other. It is their pathogenetic similarities, their numerous common risk factors and their frequent concomitant development that initiated researchers' interest in the precise association between these two maladies. The present review is aiming to analyse this correlation, laying emphasis on the effects of periodontal status on the skeletal bone mineral density, as suggested by the latest studies. It will also attempt to clarify whether periodontal management could influence the progression or the onset of osteoporosis.

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“…Smoking has been shown to increase susceptibility to destructive disease and to promote colonization by several pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum . Smoking also reduces the efficacy of multiple treatment modalities like scaling and root planing ; surgical interventions ; adjunctive antimicrobial therapy ; and bone regeneration efforts, while smoking cessation has a positive impact on the periodontal tissues . There is also increasing evidence that the ill effects of smoking on periodontal health are dose‐related and that environmental tobacco smoke exposure may predispose to disease .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Smoking also reduces the efficacy of multiple treatment modalities like scaling and root planing 3 ; surgical interventions 4 ; adjunctive antimicrobial therapy 5,6 ; and bone regeneration efforts, 7 while smoking cessation has a positive impact on the periodontal tissues. [8][9][10][11] There is also increasing evidence that the ill effects of smoking on periodontal health are dose-related 12 and that environmental tobacco smoke exposure may predispose to disease. [13][14][15][16][17] Interestingly, gingival bleeding-an important clinical indicator for the presence of periodontal diseases-is suppressed in smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoke reduces short chain fatty acid production by a Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolate

Zeller

Malovichko

Hurst

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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Objectives We hypothesized that short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by oral pathogens is suppressed by exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Background Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for plaque‐induced periodontal diseases. Despite increased disease susceptibility, overt oral inflammation is suppressed in smokers, presenting a diagnostic conundrum. Bacterial‐derived SCFAs can penetrate into oral tissues where they influence multiple components of immune and healing responses. Indeed, the SCFA burden has been correlated with the inflammatory condition of the gingiva. However, the influence of cigarette consumption on SCFA production is unknown. Methods GC/MS was employed to monitor the production of several SCFAs (propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid) by representative anaerobic oral pathogens (Filifactor alocis 35896, Fusobacterium nucleatum 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277) that were exposed, or not, to a physiologically relevant dose of CSE (2000 ng/ml nicotine equivalents) generated from 3R4F reference cigarettes. Results The growth of all three bacterial species was unaffected by CSE. The capacity to produce SCFAs by these bacteria was highly varied. F alocis produced the highest concentration of a specific SCFA (butyrate); P gingivalis provided the most robust overall SCFA signal, while F alocis and F nucleatum did not release detectable levels of isobutyrate or isovalerate. As P gingivalis 33277 was the broadest SCFA producer, three low‐passage clinical isolates (10208C, 5607, and 10512) were also examined. Compared to unconditioned microbes, reduced SCFA release was apparent in CSE‐exposed low‐passage clinical isolates of P gingivalis which reached significance for one of the three isolates (propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids, all P < 0.05). Conclusions There is high disparity in the SCFA profiles of variant chronic periodontitis‐associated bacteria, while CSE exposure reduces SCFA production by a specific clinical strain of P gingivalis. If the latter phenomenon occurs in vivo, a reduced SCFA burden may help explain the reduced vascular response to dental plaque in tobacco smokers.

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Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment

Cited by 33 publications

References 87 publications

Effect of Switching to the Tobacco Heating System Versus Continued Cigarette Smoking on Chronic Generalized Periodontitis Treatment Outcome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Study

Effect of Switching to the Tobacco Heating System Versus Continued Cigarette Smoking on Chronic Generalized Periodontitis Treatment Outcome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Study

Could treating periodontitis prevent osteoporosis? An update of the last decade

Cigarette smoke reduces short chain fatty acid production by a Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolate

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