Smoking Behavior among US Adults with Diabetes or Impaired Fasting Glucose

Abstract

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor and its impact on cardiovascular disease is even greater among people with diabetes. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and determinants of smoking among US adults with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, and those without diabetes or impaired fasting glucose. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999–2008). Age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was calculated, and we used logistic regression models to identify the correlates of smoking among people with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and normal glucose metabolism. RESULTS Among 24,649 participants ≥20 years old, age-adjusted smoking prevalence was 25.7% in 3111 individuals with diabetes, 24.2% in 3557 individuals with impaired fasting glucose, and 24.1% in 17,981 individuals without diabetes. Smoking prevalence did not differ across groups or change over time (1999–2008) in any group. Younger age, less education, more alcohol consumption, less physical activity, and major depression symptoms were associated with smoking in people with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and normal glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In the US, smoking prevalence among people with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose has not changed and is comparable with the nondiabetic population. Tobacco control efforts should be intensified among this population at high risk for complications and mortality.

Psychological Problems and Psychosocial Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia

“…This criteria has been widely used by many researchers to categorize current, former and non-cigarette smokers (Clair et al, 2013;Lim et al, 2013).…”

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“…[16, 17] However, Clair and colleagues found that tobacco use among U.S. diabetics, drawn from a nationally representative sample, was no different from the general population. [6] Interestingly, both studies found depression was prevalent among smokers with diabetes in both countries.…”

“…[3–5] In a 1999–2008 sample of U.S. citizens, 26% of diabetics smoked; younger age, less education, more alcohol consumption less physical activity, and symptoms of major depression increased their odds for smoking. [6] The prevalence of smoking among people with other chronic diseases, and with overlapping chronic diseases, is less well documented. A better understanding of comorbid tobacco use and chronic illnesses is important for higher income countries, where both are highly prevalent, and is also vital for system planning in middle income countries, where tobacco use is prevalent[2] and the incidence of chronic illness is on the rise.…”

Varenicline in smokers with diabetes: A pooled analysis of 15 randomized, placebo‐controlled studies of varenicline

“…In the National Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveys, approximately one‐quarter of people with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose smoked, a similar proportion to the general population. Furthermore, smoking prevalence among individuals with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose had not changed between 1999 and 2008. Concordant with this observation, excess mortality in USA adults with prediabetes and diabetes has not declined between 1988 and 2006.…”