Smoking at the workplace: effects of genetic and environmental causal accounts on attitudes toward smoking employees and restrictive policies

Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan; Zuckerman, Miron; Duberstein, Paul R.

doi:10.1080/14636778.2014.951993

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Indeed, research indicates that the concept of genetics is implicitly associated with fatalism and inevitability (Gould & Heine, ). Such association was also demonstrated empirically to affect people's attitudes – offering a genetic explanation for undesirable behaviors results in reductions of blame and culpability of the individuals who displayed such behavior more than if environmental or psychosocial explanations were provided (Dar‐Nimrod, Heine, Cheung, & Schaller, ; Dar‐Nimrod, Zuckerman, & Duberstein, forthcoming; Monterosso, Royzman, & Schwartz, ).…”

Section: Genetic Essentialist Biasesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Am I My Genes? Perceived Genetic Etiology, Intrapersonal Processes, and Health

Cheung

Dar‐Nimrod

Gonsalkorale

2014

Social & Personality Psych

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With the increasing popularity and affordability of DNA sequencing through direct-to-consumer DNA sequencing services, it has become apparent that researchers need to understand how the results of sequencing one's DNA affects consumers psychologically and behaviorally. In this paper, the authors discuss several intrapersonal processes that may impact how learning about our own genetic predispositions affects us. In particular, this paper sets out to identify the interplay between three relevant perspectives: genetic essentialist biases, perceived identity, and need for certainty. These interrelated perspectives and the empirical research that supports relevant underlying predictions provide a useful basis from which researchers can further identify testable hypotheses on these intrapersonal perceived genetics effects. Such research has potential far-reaching implications, not the least of which are in the health domain.

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Section: Genetic Essentialist Biasesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Am I My Genes? Perceived Genetic Etiology, Intrapersonal Processes, and Health

Cheung

Dar‐Nimrod

Gonsalkorale

2014

Social & Personality Psych

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“…Thus, endorsing genetic explanations for mental illnesses yields decidedly mixed effects for how people view those with psychopathologies (Kvaale et al, 2013;Lebowitz & Ahn, 2014;Phelan et al, 2002). Although psychopathology is the most prominent topic in which perceptions of undesirable health-related symptoms as an outcome of biological/genetic explanations have been studied, similar essentialist tensions have been found in research on prenatal genetic testing (e.g., Blumberg, 1994;Kelly, 2009), smoking (e.g., Dar-Nimrod, Zuckerman, & Duberstein, 2014;Tercyak, Peshkin, Wine, & Walker, 2006), alcoholism (Dar-Nimrod, Zuckerman, & Duberstein, 2013), memory loss (Lineweaver, Bondi, Galasko, & Salmon, 2014), and overeating (Monterosso et al, 2005).…”

Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Essentially Biased

Heine

Dar‐Nimrod

Cheung

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

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We propose that people are genetic essentialists -that is, they tend to think of genetic attributions as being immutable, of a specific etiology, natural, and dividing people into homogenous and discrete groups. Although there are rare conditions where genes operate in these kinds of deterministic ways, people overgeneralize from these to the far more common conditions where genes are not at all deterministic. These essentialist biases are associated with some harmful outcomes such as racism, sexism, pessimism in the face of illnesses, political polarization, and support for eugenics, while at the same time they are linked with increased tolerance and sympathy for gay rights, mental illness, and less severe judgments of responsibility for crime. We will also discuss how these essentialist biases connect with the burgeoning direct-to-consumer genomics industry and various kinds of genetic engineering. Overall, these biases appear rather resistant to efforts to reduce them, although genetics literacy predicts weaker essentialist tendencies. Genetic Essentialism 4Essentially Biased: Why People Are Fatalistic About Genes By all accounts, the genomics revolution has arrived. Since the first human genome was sequenced in 2003, the cost of sequencing genomes has fallen by more than a million-fold, with the technical advancements of genotyping technologies far outpacing the rapid speed of improvements in computer transistors that was famously encapsulated in Moore's law (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2016). As a result of these dramatic technical innovations, the new industry of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genomics

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“…Where past randomized experiments have demonstrated the critical role of etiology in evaluating familiar health-related conditions [22,56,57], the current study situates etiology in the context of transmission of cultural information. Past research indicates that genetic attributions lead to less favorable prognosis [20,58], but also lead to increased tolerance and sympathy toward patients [58,59], due to perceived attenuation of patient’s responsibility in having such a health condition [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of disorder and etiological information: Effects on health knowledge recollection and health-related cognition

et al. 2019

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Biased transmission of health knowledge has far-reaching effects on information reproduction and health-related cognitions. We examined whether transmissions of different types of disorder and etiological information influence recollections of health knowledge and evaluations of patients, by simulating the digital transmission of information. Transmission chains of four non-interacting persons (i.e., four generations) were formed. The first generation read three vignettes describing fictitious patients with one of three disorders (physiological, psychological, culture-bound) uniquely paired with one of three etiologies (genetic, environmental, unknown etiology). Next, they evaluated patients’ well-being, rated desired social distance, and recalled the vignettes. These written recollections replaced the original vignettes for a second-generation of participants, whose recollections were used for the third generation and so on. The framing of disorders affected recollections of etiology, in which culture-bound framings resulted in the poorest recall of etiologies. Participants also perceived the culture-bound disorder as the least serious but desired the most social distance from patients diagnosed with it, when compared to other disorders. The study showed that health information is selectively attended to and reproduced, possibly affected by perceived self-relevance. Faulty recollections and framing of disorders affect health cognitions, potentially instigating biased transmission of disorder- and patient-related narratives.

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Smoking at the workplace: effects of genetic and environmental causal accounts on attitudes toward smoking employees and restrictive policies

Cited by 6 publications

References 68 publications

Am I My Genes? Perceived Genetic Etiology, Intrapersonal Processes, and Health

Am I My Genes? Perceived Genetic Etiology, Intrapersonal Processes, and Health

Essentially Biased

Transmission of disorder and etiological information: Effects on health knowledge recollection and health-related cognition

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