Smoking as risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: A birth cohort study

Hulkkonen, Sina; Auvinen, Juha; Karppinen, Jaro; Ryhänen, Jorma

doi:10.1002/mus.26627

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…There was another concern about the interpretation of our data. We did not collect affectable parameters that affect the results, including smoking [47] or alcohol habits [48], physical sporting performance [49], and kinesiophobia [50]. In interpreting the results of this study, it should be noted that the influence of these factors has not been considered.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity Predicts Improvement of Hand Function with Nerve Gliding Exercise Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

Tamaru

Yanagawa

Matsugi

2021

JCM

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This study aims to investigate the effects of nerve gliding exercise following carpal tunnel release surgery (NGE-CTRS) and the probing factors affecting the effect of NGE-CTRS on hand function. A total of 86 patients after CTRS participated. Grip strength (grip-s), pinch strength (pinch-s), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test (SWMT), two-point discrimination (2PD), numbness, pain, and Phalen test (Phalen) were measured and compared between pre- and post-NGE-CTRS. The results showed that the combination of surgery and NGE significantly improved the postoperative grip-s, pinch-s, SWMT, 2PD, numbness, and Phalen; however, no improvement was observed in pain. Background factors that influenced the improved grip-s and pinch-s included gender and preoperative sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV). Additionally, numbness and Phalen were not affected by age, gender, fault side, bilateral, trigger finger, dialysis, thenar eminence atrophy, motor nerve conduction velocity, SCV, the start of treatment, and occupational therapy intervention. In conclusion, the combination of surgical procedures and NGE showed a high improvement. SCV and time-to-start treatment of intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome may be useful in predicting the function after the intervention.

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Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity Predicts Improvement of Hand Function with Nerve Gliding Exercise Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

Tamaru

Yanagawa

Matsugi

2021

JCM

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“…Only one cohort study compared ever smokers with never smokers (HR 1.48, CI 1.12–1.96). One prospective cohort study ( n = 8703) explored the association of the number of pack-years smoked and hospitalization for CTS [ 58 ]. Among men, pack-years > 10 was associated with hospitalization for CTS but not pack-years ≤ 10, after adjustment for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and diabetes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Smoking Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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To date, the role of smoking in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between smoking and CTS. The literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, from inception until October 2021. Three reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was used, and heterogeneity across studies was examined using I2 statistic. A total of 31 (13 cross-sectional, 10 case-control, and 8 cohort) studies were qualified for meta-analysis. In a meta-analysis of cohort studies, the risk of CTS did not differ between current and never smokers (pooled hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% CI 0.84–1.43), current and past/never smokers (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94–1.23), and past and never smokers (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.83–1.49). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of case control studies found no difference in the risk of CTS between current and never smokers (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.56–1.53), current and past/never smokers (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.51–2.36), and past and never smokers (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.59–1.39). However, a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed the associations of ever (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.72) and current smoking (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–2.09) with CTS. However, the association between ever smoking and CTS disappeared after limiting the meta-analysis to higher quality studies or after adjusting for publication bias. The association between current smoking and CTS also attenuated after limiting the meta-analysis to studies that confirmed CTS by a nerve conduction study or studies with low attrition bias. This meta-analysis does not support an association between smoking and CTS. The association between smoking and CTS observed in cross-sectional studies could be due to biases and/or confounding factors.

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“…Obesity, as indicated by a high body mass index (BMI), is a potential common risk factor between CTS and CAD. Although several established risk factors for CTS exist, such as smoking [17][18][19], diabetes mellitus [20,21], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [22], and obesity [21,23,24], it should be noted that these factors are also consistent with those associated with atherosclerosis [10]. Moreover, in addition to the positive correlation observed between body mass index (BMI) and the long-term prognosis of CAD [25], in metabolic syndrome higher BMI, rather than waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio, and LDL were determined as risk factors correlated with the severity of CTS [26][27][28]; each 1-unit rise in BMI raises the risk of CTS by 7.4% [29].…”

Section: The Possible Linking Between Nmds and Coronary Artery Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in People with Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disorders: A Nationwide Retrospective Population-Based Case–Control Study

Chang,

Lay,

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The existing literature has explored carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and determined that it could be a risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), but there has been little research comparing the relevance of CAD with other neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) to CTS. This case–control study explored the association between CTS, stenosing tenosynovitis (ST), and ulnar side NMDs and CAD. The study utilized data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, focusing on health insurance claims. Between January 2000 and December 2011, we employed the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic codes to identify 64,025 CAD patients as the case group. The control group consisted of an equal number of individuals without CAD, matched for age, sex, and index year of CAD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable. Multivariate analysis, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, revealed a significantly higher likelihood of a previous diagnosis of CTS in the CAD group compared to the comparison control group. However, neither ST nor the ulnar side NMDs had any statistical significance. These results indicated that median nerve injury, rather than other NMDs, may uniquely serve as a predisposing factor of CAD.

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Smoking as risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: A birth cohort study

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity Predicts Improvement of Hand Function with Nerve Gliding Exercise Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity Predicts Improvement of Hand Function with Nerve Gliding Exercise Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

Is Smoking Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? A Meta-Analysis

Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in People with Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disorders: A Nationwide Retrospective Population-Based Case–Control Study

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