Smoking and thyroid disorders--a meta-analysis

Vestergaard, Peter

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460153

Cited by 263 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…24 In our series women who had ever smoked were more likely to experience an episode of postpartum thyroid dysfunction than women who were non-smokers. This fi nding is consistent with the report of Kuijpens et al that smoking regardless of the duration and intensity was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of PPT (OR 3.1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy

et al. 2017

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Citation: Nonchev BI, Argatska AV, Pehlivanov BK, Orbetzova MM. Risk factors for postpartum thyroid dysfunction in euthyroid women prior to pregnancy. 2017;59(2):190-196. doi: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0027 Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common during the postpartum and the predisposing factors for its development are considered specifi c for the population studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) in euthyroid women prior to pregnancy. Materials and methods: Forty-fi ve women with PPTD and 55 age-matched euthyroid postpartum women from Plovdiv, Bulgaria were included in the study. TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb were measured and ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid was performed in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy and during the postpartum. Results: The study found higher risk of developing PPTD in women with family history of thyroid disease (OR 4.42; 95% CI 1.87,10.43), smokers (OR 4.01; 95% CI 1.72,9.35), personal history of autoimmune thyroid disease (OR 5.37; 95% CI 1.15,28.53), positive TPOAb (OR 18.12; 95% CI 4.93,66.65) and thyroid US hypoechogenicity during early pregnancy (OR 6.39; 95% CI 2.53,16.12) and those who needed levothyroxine during pregnancy (OR 3.69; 95% CI 1.28,10.61). BMI before pregnancy was signifi cantly lower in women with PPTD than in euthyroid postpartum women (22.80±0.55 vs 26.25±0.97, p=0.013). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identifi ed as most important independent risk factors for PPTD occurrence the TPOAb positivity during early pregnancy, family history of thyroid disease, smoking and lower BMI before pregnancy. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in the population studied several factors are associated with an increased risk of PPTD and screening for thyroid disorders among those women can be benefi cial. Folia Medica BACKGROUND

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy

et al. 2017

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“…The interrelationship of GD and smoking has been shown in numerous studies (7)(8)(9). However, it is unknown how smoking acts on radioiodine therapy response in GH because of insufficient studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarette smoking is a well recognized risk factor for the development of Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) and especially for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Despite this fact, the biological mechanism responsible for the diverse effect of smoking and numerous components in tobacco (more than 4000) on the thyroid gland remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking Has no Impact on the Effect of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Graves Disease / Pušenje cigareta nema uticaj na ishod radiojodne terapije kod bolesnika sa Grejvsovom bolešću

Sekulić¹,

Rajić²,

Vlajković³

et al. 2015

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis

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Presently, there is very little data on the impact of nicotine and other components of tobacco smoking on the outcome of radioiodine therapy (RIT) in Graves' disease (GD). Thus, this study was aimed to analyze a possible impact of cigarette smoking on the effect of radioiodine therapy in the patients with Graves' disease.The study included 31 patients (16 smokers and 15 non-smokers) with GD, aged from 22 to 73 years, who were treated with a single dose of iodine-131 sodium iodide ( 131 I-NaI) and subjected to a 12-month follow-up, thereafter. Patients were treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) before RIT and described very intense stressful events occurring prior to diagnosing Graves' hyperthyroidism. A successful response to RIT was defined as euthyroidism and subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism, while an unsuccessful response was defined as persistent hyperthyroidism.Comparison The results showed that cigarette smoking has no impact on the effect of radioiodine therapy after twelve-month period in patients who had experienced stressful events before the occurrence of Graves' disease. However, patients with smoking habits achieved successful response later than non-smokers.

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“…However, active smoking, but not passive smoking, has recently been reported to be protective against thyroid-specific autoantibody positivity. [22][23][24] As far as we are aware, no such data exist regarding children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In our cases, none of whom were smokers, passive smoking was more common in Group 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated IgG4 but not with low vitamin D

Demir

Keskın

Kör

et al. 2014

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ObJEcTIVE: To assess levels of vitamin D and of immunoglobulin G subclasses in children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. DE-SIGN: Among 213 patients with type 1 diabetes, the cases with thyroid-specific autoantibodies formed Group 1 [n=19, M/F: 7/12, median age 13 years (10.1-14.7)]. Nineteen age-, gender-, and diabetes duration-matched cases with type 1 diabetes without any other systemic disease were designated as controls [Group 2, M/F: 7/12, median age 12.9 years (10.5-14.9)]. rESULTS: Levels of thyroid hormones, vitamin D, total IgG and IgG subclasses, as well as IgG subclasses/ total IgG ratios were similar between the groups. Five cases (26%) in Group 1 had IgG4 levels > + 2 SDS, whereas there were no such cases in Group 2 (p=0.046). These five patients had similar clinical features but higher median IgG4 levels and IgG4/Total IgG ratios compared to the subjects with IgG4 levels < + 2 SDS in Group 1 and Group 2. cONcLUSIONS: There was no difference of vitamin D levels between the groups. Only a small percentage of patients with type 1 diabetes also having autoimmune thyroiditis had elevated serum IgG4 levels, revealing the heterogeneity of autoimmune thyroiditis and existence of IgG4 thyroiditis in the pediatric age group. Total IgG, the other IgG subclasses, and vitamin D levels did not differ in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes compared to those suffering only from type 1 diabetes.

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Smoking and thyroid disorders--a meta-analysis

Cited by 263 publications

References 33 publications

Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy

Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy

Cigarette Smoking Has no Impact on the Effect of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Graves Disease / Pušenje cigareta nema uticaj na ishod radiojodne terapije kod bolesnika sa Grejvsovom bolešću

Autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated IgG4 but not with low vitamin D

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