Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: results from 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy

Blair, Peter S; Fleming, Peter; Bensley, D; Smith, Iain; Bacon, Chris; Taylor, Elizabeth; Berry, Jeff; Golding, Jean; Tripp, J. H.

doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7051.195

Cited by 321 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

205

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bed sharing should be avoided, regardless of the infant's age, if the mother is a smoker, has taken drugs or alcohol, or if the baby sleeps in a place other than the crib, usually a sofa 8, 12, 13, 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed sharing is more common in sudden infant death syndrome than in explained sudden unexpected deaths in infancy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimDespite its declining incidence, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is still an important cause of death in infancy. This study investigated the environmental circumstances associated with SIDS, by analysing data from all sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) in Sweden from 2005 to 2011.MethodsAll Swedish infants forensically autopsied up to the age of 365 days from 2005 to 2011 were included. Medical records were obtained from the hospitals and supplementary data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.ResultsOf the 261 infants, 136 were defined as SIDS and 125 as explained SUDI. The documentation in the medical records was poor when it came to issues such as bed sharing, sleep position, smoking, breastfeeding and pacifier use. The main findings were a significantly higher prevalence of bed sharing in SIDS than in explained deaths (odds ratio 7.77, 95% confidence interval 2.36–25.57) and that prone sleeping was still overrepresented. Bronchopneumonia, other infections and congenital anomalies were the most common causes of explained SUDI.ConclusionBed sharing and prone sleeping were more common in SIDS than in explained SUDI. Sparse data in medical records were a problem, and the authors are now working with the National Board of Health and Welfare on a project to establish new routines.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed sharing is more common in sudden infant death syndrome than in explained sudden unexpected deaths in infancy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Death rates from SIDS are higher among African-American infants, 26 and with tobacco exposure, 26,27 and perhaps with bedsharing. 25 Although we identified more risk factors for SIDS in the CY group, this vulnerable group less often received instruction for the recommended sleep positions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In addition to the prone position, several studies have reported the association of SIDS with infant hyperthermia, 18 -23 swaddling, 23 and suffocation. 23,24 Bedsharing 25 and exposure to tobacco smoke 26,27 have also been reported to increase the risk for SIDS. Our study was undertaken primarily to determine the sleep positioning instructions given by hospital personnel in our community and the actual positions practiced by parents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine infant sleep instructions that hospital personnel in our community were giving to parents and actual positions practiced after the April 15, 1992 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for nonprone positioning.Design. Survey of mothers of infants 4 months of age from November 1993 to March 1994 with follow-up survey of selected birth hospitals.Setting. A private practice (PP) serving predominantly white middle-and upper-income children and a pediatric clinic (CY) serving inner-city predominantly African-American low-income children in Louisville, Kentucky.Patients. Fifty infants from each practice site. Outcome Measure. The sleep instructions given and practiced, and other risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Results. Nonprone sleeping instructions were received by 72% of the PP and only 48% of the CY parents, with 72% of the PP and 54% of the CY following the nonprone recommendations. Infants were more likely to be in smoking households (60% vs 12%) from the CY practice than the PP practice.Conclusions. Our study showed that, despite having a higher prevalence of SIDS risk factors, there was a greater delay in discontinuing prone positioning instructions in the hospital serving the CY infants. The evidence suggests that this population is as likely as the PP group to follow medical advice given. Pediatrics 1997;99(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/e12; infant sleep position, SIDS, sleep instruction.ABBREVIATIONS. SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; CY, Children and Youth Project; PP, private practice.The sleep position of infants was most often viewed in the past as a trivial aspect of infant care. It has recently received serious attention because of the reported association of the prone sleeping position with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In the United States in the early 1990s, the prone position was most commonly used when placing an infant down for sleep. 1 However, as early as 1985, 2 the prone position has been challenged as "unsafe." In subsequent foreign studies, sleep position was implicated as a risk factor for SIDS. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Publicity that discouraged the prone sleeping position in Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Great Britain was associated with a decrease in the incidence of SIDS ranging from 20% to Ͼ50%. 4,9 -16 The evidence of these reports was so persuasive that in 1992 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended the use of either the supine or the lateral position for placing healthy infants down to sleep. 1 Two years after such a recommendation, the AAP Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS noted that "although pediatricians have heard the recommendations, many children's physicians and allied health care workers are not actively recommending nonprone sleeping for their patients." 17 In addition to the prone position, several studies have reported the association of SIDS with infant hyperthermia, 18 -23 swaddling, 23 and suffocation....

show abstract

“…We create a dummy variable that indicates if the mother smoked after the fourth month of pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy has been found to be related with cognitive deficiencies and other health problems in the medical and epidemiological literature (see for instance Blair et al, 1996;Conter et al, 1995;Naeye and Peters, 1984;Williams et al, 1998). Furthermore, we observe the mother's age at birth.…”

Section: Background Variablesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Health shocks, disability and work

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

• Exploits unscheduled hospitalizations as unanticipated health shocks in event-history model.• Health shocks substantially increase disability risk, but no direct effect on employment.• Finds sizeable (local average treatment) effect of onset of disability on employment.• Effects larger for men and low-educated workers. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o This paper focuses on the relation between health shocks and the onset of a disability and employment outcomes. We estimate an event-history model using data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS), where accidents causing a unscheduled hospitalization are the measure for unanticipated health shocks. Our results show that experiencing such a health shock substantially increases the likelihood of the onset of a disability, while it does not have direct effects on employment at later ages. This finding is used to simulate the causal effects of the onset of a disability on later employment outcomes. These simulations show that about two-third of the association between disability and employment can be explained by the causal effect of the onset of a disability on employment. The remaining one-third is selection. For men and lower-educated workers the association is mainly explained by the causal effect, while for women selection is more important.

show abstract

Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: results from 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy

Abstract: This study confirms the increased risk of the sudden infant death syndrome associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy and shows evidence that household exposure to tobacco smoke has an independent additive effect. Parental drug misuse has an additional small but significant effect.

Cited by 321 publications

References 16 publications

Bed sharing is more common in sudden infant death syndrome than in explained sudden unexpected deaths in infancy

Bed sharing is more common in sudden infant death syndrome than in explained sudden unexpected deaths in infancy

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

Health shocks, disability and work

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About